划分句子成分练习题

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英语语法句子成分练习

英语在其长期的发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构，即：主语+谓语。主语是句子的话题，而谓语是对话题所作的说明。两者构成了句子的主要成份，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外，还包括表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语六种次要成分，可根据句子的需要可有可无。

一、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句担任，在陈述句中常置于句首。主语由名词性的词来充当。 如：I like football. The boy needs a pen. 练习：试找出下列句子的主语：

1. God helps those who help themselves. 7. John’s not having been trained as a dancer is his one 2. The capital of France is Pairs. regret. 3. We have finished our task ahead of time. 8. To study English well is very important for a college 4. Ours is a great country. student now. 5. The second is better than the first. 9. What he said is not true. 6. Seeing is believing. 10. Study hard and make progress every day.

二、谓语：谓语是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作或所处的状态等。谓语通常由动词或动词词组来充当。 如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock. I want a ticket 练习：试找出下列句子的谓语： 1. He studied in Britain for 3 years. 5. Every means has been tried without any effect. 2. I didn’t watch the movie last night. 6. You shouldn't have opened her letter. 3. Now students are paying more attention to pronunciation. 7. We used to teach in the same school. 4. They lived, ate and worked together with the workers for 8. You didn't have to go there in person. more than a month. 9. His parents are both middle school teachers. 三、表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词之后。 如：He looks very young. It feels soft, so I feel surprised. 练习：试找出下列句子的表语：

1. His parents are both middle school teachers. 8. The film was very moving. 2. The flowers in the garden smell sweet. 9. Her first job was selling shoes. 3. Our campus becomes very beautiful in spring. 10. Our suggestion is that you give up smoking for the sake 4. The leaves of the trees turn green in spring every year. of your health. 5. All the students remain in the classroom waiting for you. 11. He proves a good captain for he keeps calm in danger. 6. Our plan is to have picnic this weekend. 12. She stayed single her whole life. 7. The students got very excited watching the football game. 13. The girl went blind when she was 21 years old.

四、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。宾语由名词性或代词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构， 另外在主系表结构后面的从句是宾语从句。 例如：Tome lost his life in the big fire. 练习：试找出下列句子的宾语：

1. We will study a new lesson next week. 6. Show them where they should put the machines. 2. He often helps me in my study. 7. Whatever difficulties he met, he would get rid of them. 3. China won the first in the number of gold medals at the 8. Respect the old and cherish the young. 14th Asian Games. 9. They avoided talking about the subject at the meeting. 4. I don't think I can follow you. 10. They offered to help us when we were in difficulties. 5. Can you tell us whether he will come? 11. I am afraid that you are late. 五、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 如：Guilin is a beautiful city.

练习：试找出下列句子的定语：

1. We have a two-day weekend, so we have more spare 4. There are thirty women teachers in our school. time. 5. His rapid progress in English made us suprised. 2. The handsome young man speaking at the meeting now is 6. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. the new chairman of our department. 7. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 3. China is a developing country in the east; America is a 8. He is reading an article about how to learn English. developed country in the west. 9. The beautiful girls here know the strange man upstairs.



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10. Show me the papers yesterday and do your work today.

六、补足语：英语中为了使句子意义完整，需要对主语或宾语进行补充说明，这就是补足语。补充说明主语的称为主语补足语, 只在被动语态中出现。补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。 如：We chose him our monitor. I will have the boy repair your car. 练习：试找出下列句子的补足语： 1. I often find him reading in the library. 9. The man will get us to clean the window. 2. He told us to leave here, for he would have his hair cut. 10. He is often found reading in the library. 3. His father named him Jack. 11. We saw her entering the room. 4. They painted their boat white. 12. Let the fresh air in, and I will have the room cleaned. 5. He can make me happy. 13. He made himself understood by giving vivid examples. 6. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 14. The boy broke the precious vase, so his mum had him 7. I will have my hair cut tomorrow. working in the garden the whole morning. 8. We noticed everything in the lab in good order. 15. I will have your son write a report about the accident.七、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语、伴随状语、让步状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。 如：Tomorrow we will visit the museum. The man on the bike is riding too fast. They sat there, reading the newspaper. 练习：试找出下列句子的状语：

1. We usually have English classes in the language lab. 6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 2. Our teachers teach us very patiently. 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 3. She didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 8. She works very hard though she is old. 4. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 9. Do it as I told you last night. 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 10. She is more friendly than I thought.

八、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词常常紧挨在一起。

如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. I will do it myself. ( I myself will do it.) We all like it. 练习：试找出下列句子的同位语：

1. His dinner, eggs and vegetables, is simple. 4. You may ask anyone—him, her or me.

5. They invited our family—father, mother and me—to their 2. Three persons—you, he and I—will have to maintain this

country-house.

big family.

6. At the news, I felt ashamed for us officials.

3. The Diamond, the best-known restaurant in town, is not 7. Mr. Li, our new president, speaks English fluently. far away.

九、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11. I washed a coat and cooked the meal yesterday.

十、补语再练：

1. He found his new job boring. 2. They called their daughter Mary. 3. This placed her in a very difficult position. 4. We went to her house but found her out. 5. What do you advise me to do？

6. We thought him to be an honest man.

7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. 8. He believed her the right person for the job. 9. Did you notice him come in？ 10. I saw her chatting with Nancy.

11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. 12. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

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