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李 毅 - - - - - - 80小时突破语法
第十八章 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。能引导宾语从句的连接词皆可引导表语从句。表语从句通常由连词(that, whether)、连接代词（which, what, who , whose, whom ） 或连接副词（where, how, when, why ） 引导。此外，表语从句还可有as, as if/though, because引导。
句型结构 主 + 连系动词 + 引导词 + 主 + 谓（+vt.） 主句 表语从句
一
1、从属连词
、表语从句的连接词
引导标语从句的连接词主要有以下几类：
引导表语从句的从属连词有两个：that和whether。that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。
The reason for your mistake is (that) you lack confidence in yourself. 你犯错误的原因是你本身缺乏信心。
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。 My advice is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你应该好好利用你的时间。 The point is whether we can finish our work on time. 重点在于我们能不能按时完成工作。 ★ [注意] 一般不能用if引导表语从句，而用whether取代。 在口语中，在that引导的表语从句中that常省略。 2、连接代词
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。
The doubt is who has got away with the document. 疑点就是谁拿走了文件。 Honesty is always what we stick to. 诚实是我们永远的坚持。
The economy of my hometown is not what it used to be. 我家乡的经济已和以前大不一样了。 The question is whose advice should be taken. 问题是该采取谁的建议。 3、连接副词
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。
That was where we camped last time. 那就是上次我们野营的地方。
The question is however we can do the work better. 问题是我们究竟如何才能将这项工作做得更好。 That is how Henry solved the problem. 亨利就是那样子解决问题的。 This is why they are late for the meeting. 这就是他们开会迟到的原因。 That is where we differ. 这就是我们不同的地方。 4、其他连接词
另外， because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much. 他有心脏病，这是因为他抽烟太多了。 It is because I’m not interested in dancing. 这是因为我对跳舞不感兴趣。
二、be+表语从句
最常见的表语从句形式就是“连系动词be+表语从句”。
My question is however we can find such a plant in this forest. 我们的问题是我们究竟如何才能在这片森林中找到这种植物。
The reason for his being absent from the conference was that he was delayed by the accident. 他没来开会的原因是他被一场事故耽误了。
This is how we got out of trouble then. 这就是当时我们如何脱离困境的情况。
三、其他连系动词+表语从句
除be以外，可用于表语从句的连系动词有seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the States. 听起来你好像来自美国南部。
四
、表语从句中需
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要注意的问题
李 毅 - - - - - - 80小时突破语法
1、reason作主语时的表语从句
主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk. 这么严重的交通事故完全是由于司机太粗心，喝酒太多造成的。 2、表语从句的虚拟语气
如主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时，则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即主语无论是单数或复数，谓语一律用 “ (should+) 动词原形”的形式。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside. 我的建议就是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不应把它放在一边。 3、运用连接词时的注意事项
从属连词that在句中不作成分，也没有实在意义，在口语中一般可省略。而whether虽然在从句中不作成分，但含有“是否”的意义。连接代词和连接副词在从句中都作成分，同时也含有自己的意义。连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what, when, where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问，一种表示陈述，相当于the thing that, the time when, the place where等。 This is where (= the place where) we found the interest. 这就是我们发现的兴趣所在。 My topic today is what (= the thing that) most scientists are researching. 我今天的话题就是大多数科学家正在研究的课题。
1. The thought of going back home was _____ kept him happy while he was working abroad. [ 2007上海春，34] A. that B. all that C. all what D. which
2. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _____ you read. [ 2007上海春，36] A. that B. what C. which D. whether 3. I have to book ahead for concerts, _______ are usually held in London.
A. what B. that C. which D. they
4. The train _______ they were traveling was late.
A. in which B. by which C. at which D. to which 5. Mrs. Lee will move into the new house next Monday, ______ it will be completely finished.
A. by which time B. by that time C. by this time D. by the time
6. I have explained everything _______ I can to you.
A. what B. all C. that D. which 7. An element is a substance ______ cannot be changed by any physical means.
A. the properties of which B. the properties of which, C. the properties of that D. the properties of that,
8. This is one of such questions __________ are often asked by schoolboys.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
9. _______ is often the case, the football thinks he is very clever.
A. What B. Which C. That D. As
10. It was he in _______ we had the greatest faith.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
11. The reason for his success is _______ he worked hard.
A. why B. that C. because D. for
12. What has made China ______ she is today?
A. that B. which C. what D. as
13. _______ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
A. Which B. How C. That D. Whatever
14. Lend me ________ reference books you have on this subject.
A. that B. which C. what D. about which
15. Air is to man _________ water is to fish.
A. what B. which C. that D. whose
16. I doubt ______ it is true.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
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2023-01-27
