道教

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道教

道教（或道教）是英文名指的是各种相关的中国哲学传统和概念。这些传统影响的东亚了两千多年，有的已在国际上传播。道教礼仪和道德强调陶三宝; 即，同情，中庸，和谦卑。道家思想集中在吴炜（“行动不涉及挣扎或过度努力”）的自发性，以人为本，和空虚。吴伟经常错误地翻译为（“不采取行动”），这错误是由学者谁都是非执业道教做翻译的结果广泛传播。一个强调的是人与自然之间的联系。道教教导我们，这个环节减轻了对规则和秩序的需要，使人们更好地了解世界。

中国个性道，道（或道，这取决于罗马化方案）的意思是“路径”或“办法”，但在中国的宗教和哲学已采取更抽象的意义。陶很少崇拜的对象，正在接受治疗更像阿特曼和宗教的印度概念。“道”这个词用于不同的中国术语转换。道滘/ Taochiao（道教的“道教义/宗教”）是指道教作为宗教。道家/ Taochia（道家的“道之学校”）是指学者的研究，或“哲学”道教。然而，大多数学者都放弃了“宗教”和“哲学”道教的二分法。

最传统的中国道教是多神教。自然和祖先的精神也很普遍流行道教。有组织的道教不同于民间宗教，其中一些专业的道士（倒是）查看贬值的区分及其仪式活动。这种类型的萨满教的是回避的“精英”之间道家强调内部炼金术。

中国炼金术，占星术，菜，几个中国武术，中国传统医学，风水，而且很多款式气功的呼吸训练学科与道教整个历史交织在一起。 原则

道教神学集中在吴炜（“行动不涉及挣扎或过度努力”），自发性，人本主义，相对主义和空虚的教条。道家的这种哲学方面强调在道德经中的各种主题（道德经），如自然，活力，和平，“屈服”（吴伟），空（细化），支队，柔软性（或灵活性）的实力，而在庄子等的接受，自发性的人类生活的方式，说话和指导行为的方式相对。道教是一个和平的宗教。 历史

道教的起源可追溯到在中国史前中国宗教。他们在道德经（第三或公元前4世纪），或一片张道陵（公元2世纪）的活性成分中。老子收到帝国承认中期公元二世纪神威。道教在唐代，其皇帝老子声称他们的相对期间获得在中国的官方地位。宋几个皇帝，最值得注意的是宋徽宗，是促进道教，道教收集文本和道藏的发布版本活跃。儒，道，佛等方面的新儒家学派，最终成为国家官僚帝国的目的是正统意识合成。清代，但是，备受青睐儒家经典，并拒绝道教的作品。在十八世纪，帝国图书馆组成，但不包括几乎所有的道书。到了二十一世纪初，道教已经下降失宠了这么多，只有一个道藏的完整副本仍然存在，在白云寺在北京举行。道教是五大宗教在中国，坚守通过国家官僚机器（中国道教协会）控制其活动的认可之一。

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Taoism

Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. These traditions influenced East Asia for over two thousand years and some have spread internationally. Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao; namely, compassion, moderation, and humility. Taoist thought focuses on wu wei (" action that does not involve struggle or excessive effort" ) spontaneity, humanism, and emptiness. Wu wei is often incorrectly translated as ("non-action") and this error has propagated widely as a result of translations made by academics who are non practising Taoists. An emphasis is placed on the link between people and nature. Taoism


teaches that this link lessened the need for rules and order, and leads one to a better understanding of the world.

The Chinese character 道, Tao (or Dao, depending on the romanisation scheme) means "path" or "way", but in Chinese religion and philosophy it has taken on more abstract meanings. Tao is rarely an object of worship, being treated more like the Indian concepts of atman and dharma. The word "Taoism" is used to translate different Chinese terms. Daojiao/Taochiao (道教 "teachings/religion of the Dao") refers to Daoism as a religion. Daojia/Taochia (道家 "school of the Dao") refers to the studies of scholars, or "philosophical" Daoism. However, most scholars have abandoned the dichotomy of "religious" and "philosophical" Daoism.

Most traditional Chinese Taoists are polytheistic. Nature and ancestor spirits are also common in popular Taoism. Organized Taoism distinguishes its ritual activity from that of the folk religion, which some professional Taoists (Daoshi) view as debased. This sort of shamanism is eschewed for an emphasis on internal alchemy among the "elite" Taoists.

Chinese alchemy, astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, Chinese traditional medicine, fengshui, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines are intertwined with Taoism throughout history.

Principles

Taoist theology focuses on doctrines of wu wei ("action that does not involve struggle or excessive effort" ) , spontaneity, humanism, relativism and emptiness. This philosophical aspect of Taoism emphasizes various themes found in the Tao Te Ching (道德经) such as naturalness, vitality, peace, "yielding" (wu wei), emptiness (refinement), detachment, the strength of softness (or flexibility), and in the Zhuangzi such as receptiveness, spontaneity, the relativism of human ways of life, ways of speaking and guiding behavior. Taoism is a peaceful religion. History

Taoism's origins may be traced to prehistoric Chinese religions in China. They are found in the composition of the Tao Te Ching (3rd or 4th century BCE), or amidst the activity of Zhang Daoling (2nd century AD). Laozi received imperial recognition as a divinity in the mid second century CE. Taoism gained official status in China during the Tang Dynasty, whose emperors claimed Laozi as their relative. Several Song emperors, most notably Huizong, were active in promoting Taoism, collecting Taoist texts and publishing editions of the Daozang. Aspects of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were consciously synthesised in the Neo-Confucian school, which eventually became Imperial orthodoxy for state bureaucratic purposes. The Qing Dynasty, however, much favored Confucian classics and rejected Taoist works. During the eighteenth century, the imperial library was constituted, but excluded virtually all Taoist books. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Taoism had fallen so much from favor, that only one complete copy of the Daozang still remained, at the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing. Taoism is one of five religions recognised by the PRC, which insists on controlling its activities through a state bureaucracy (the China Taoist Association).

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