现在完成时

2023-03-25 02:08:11   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《现在完成时》,欢迎阅读!
完成,现在
现在完成时

现在完成时是“过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响”而且“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成” 英语时态中,“时“指动作发生的时间,”态“指动作的样子和状态。 它的构成是:主语+havehas +动词的过去分词。 现在完成时的应用

1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

2、过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成。 3、现在完成时表示将来 句型构成

基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p 现在完成时用法

①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)V-ed+宾语(或者其他). ②否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词(p.pV-ed+宾语.

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)V-ed+宾语(或者其他)? 肯定回答:Yes,I have.Yes,she/he/人名 has.

否定回答:No,I haven't.Noshe/he/人名 hasn't.

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) ⑤被动时态:

现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/ has +been +done。如: The experiment has been done successfully. 现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/ has +not +been +done。如: Toms novel has not been published. 现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如: Has his bike been repaired? 现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如: Who has been invited? 用法要点

1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)

yesterday(morningafternoon),last(morningafternoon)等,除非与for,since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 already(肯定句中)yet(否定,疑问,句末)just, before, recently, still, lately, never等: He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). 时态

We have seen that film before. I have already read this book.

Have they found the missing child yet?

3.现在完成时态经常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing?

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用e.g. up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.

Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.

The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。

5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. 6.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。 例如:He has turned the light off .

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:alreadyyet



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现在完成时

beforerecently等)频度时间状语(如:neverever等)包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...today等)连用。 e.g. Have you found your pen

e.g. Mary has done her homework . Mary

7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。 e.g. He has lived here since 1978.(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由sincefor引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to nowso far)等。

e.g. I have heard nothing from him up to now. 注意:1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:comegoarriveleavejoinbecomedie等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since从句。

9.现在完成时常用短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。 Up to/till now he's read many story books. I've been to New York three times so far.

has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别。

has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,而没有回来(去了没回)(不可与 for+一段时间 连用) has been to :表示去过某地(去过已回来)(不可与 for+一段时间 连用) has been in/atin表示相对大一些的地点;at表示相对小一些的地点)表示一直呆在某地, 常与时间段搭配(呆了很久)

10.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆 用法

表示影响或结果

该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个动作对现在仍有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”,其中的“离开”肯定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”;又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”,显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。如:

He has been away from the city. (结果:他不在这个城市。) Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户仍破着。) I have lost my pen. (结果:我现在无钢笔用。)

He has finished his work.(结果:他可以做其他的事了。

即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。如: How often have you seen her again? 表示持续

该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束),如汉语说“他在我们学校教书已有30年了”,显然“他在我们学校教书”是30年前开始,并且一直教到现在,已经持续了30年;又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”,显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的,并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。如: He has taught in our school for 30 years. He has been busy since last week.

He has worked for us ever since he left school.

注意:当现在完成时表示持续时,谓语动词不能使用非延续性动词(短暂性动词),而应该使用延续性动词,即换一种说法

He has been away for one minute. He has had this book for two months.



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