【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《【英语阅读】Do Schools Kill Creativity(教育扼杀创造力吗)》，欢迎阅读！
Do Schools Kill Creativity? 教育扼杀创造力？ TED talk by Ken Robinson
Now our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability. And there's a reason. The whole system was invented --- around the world, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century. They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism. 现在我们的教育体制是基于学术能力的理念的。这是有原因的。整个教育体制被创建出来——十九世纪前全世界没有公共教育体制，真的——都是为了满足工业化的要求。
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas. Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top. So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds that you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? 因此，这个系统的等级制度植根于两个理念。第一，对工作最有用的科目处于顶端。所以当你是个孩子的时候你可能被和蔼地劝离从学校学到的东西，自己喜欢的东西，因此你永远不会得到一份这样的工作。对吗？
Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician; don't do art, you won't be an artist. Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
不搞音乐，你不会成为一个音乐家；不搞艺术，你不会成为一个艺术家。和蔼的建议——现在看来，是严重的错误。整个世界都被卷入了一场革命。
And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence, because the universities designed the system in their image. If you think of it, the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process of university entrance.
第二个是学术能力，这已经成为我们的智力观，因为大学按照其观念设计了这套体制。如果你仔细思索，会发现世界各地的公共教育体制就是一场旷日持久的大学入学考试。
And the consequence is that many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they're not, because the thing they were good at at school wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized. And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
其后果是许多有天赋的、才华横溢的、有创造力的人认为他们没有这些，因为他们擅长的事情在学校并不受重视，或者实际上受到了诬蔑。我认为我们不能走那条路。
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history. More people, and it's the combination of all the things we've talked about -- technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population. Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything. Isn't that true? 在接下来的30年，根据联合国教科文组织，世界各地将有有史以来越来越多的学生毕业。更多的人，这是我们所谈论的事情的集合——技术及其对工作岗位的影响，人口统计学和人口大爆炸。突然，学位一文不值。是不是真的？
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job. If you didn't have a job it's because you didn't want one. And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)But now kids with degrees are often
heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other.
当我还是学生的时候，如果你有一个学位，你就有一份工作。如果你没有工作，那是因为你不想。坦率地说，我的确不想。（笑声）但是现在获得学位的孩子却常常待业在家打游戏，因为在以前需要文学士学位的工作现在需要一个文科硕士学位，而其他的现在需要一个博士学位。
It's a process of academic inflation. And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet. We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
这是一个学术通货膨胀的过程。这说明整个教育体系正在改变我们的脚下。我们需要从根本上重新思考我们的智力观。
We know three things about intelligence. One, it's diverse. We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it. We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically. We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
我们知道关于智力的三件事。第一，它是多样化的。我们对世界的各种看法取决于自己的经历。我们从视觉上思考，我们从听觉上思考，我们从动觉思考。我们用抽象的术语思考，我们在运动中思考。
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic. If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations, intelligence is wonderfully interactive. The brain isn't divided into compartments. In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value -- more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
其次，智能是变化的。如果你看一个人类大脑的相互作用，正如我们昨天听到了一些介绍，智慧是神奇的相互作用。大脑没有被分成隔间。事实上，创新——我定义为产生有价值的原创思想的过程——往往不是来自认识事物的各种纪律性的互动。
The brain is intentionally -- by the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpus callosum. It's thicker in women. Following off from Helen yesterday, I think this is probably why women are better at multi-tasking. Because you are, aren't you? 大脑是有意的——顺便说一下，有一个轴的神经和大脑两半球的胼胝体。女性的胼胝体较厚。听了昨天海伦所说，我想这可能是为什么女性更擅长多任务工作。因为你就是这样，不是吗？
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. If my wife is cooking a meal at home -- which is not often, thankfully. (Laughter) But you know, she's doing -- no, she's good at some things -- but if she's cooking, you know, she's dealing with people on the phone, she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling, she's doing open-heart surgery over here. 虽然有大量的研究，但我从我的个人生活中知道了这件事。如果我的妻子在家做菜——这是不是经常，谢天谢地。（笑）但是你知道，她做——不，她擅长一些东西——但如果她做饭，你知道，她在接电话，她和孩子们说话，她油漆天花板，她甚至在这里做心脏手术。
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phone's on the hook, if she comes in I get annoyed. I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here. Give me a break." (Laughter)
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/dfd99f9f6adc5022aaea998fcc22bcd126ff4203.html
2023-02-18
