Have用法种种

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Have用法

一、have作实意动词

1. 表示“有”的意思。

Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes. 〔注〕：其否定和疑问式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。在英国口语中常用have got代替have.

I don't have enough money to buy a plane. I haven't got any jewelry.

2. have和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。

We have no classes on Sunday. （上课） They’re going to have a volleyball match. （举行比赛） Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会） (2)患病。

I have got a headache. I have a bad cold. (3)发生的情况。

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤） (4)生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. (5)体验;经验[W]

We had a wonderful time on the beach. 我们在海滩上玩得好极了。 3. 和一些动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化为名词）。 have a drink 喝（某东西）

have a swim 游泳 have a try 尝试 have a talk 谈话

have a walk 散步 have a look 看一看

Are you going to have a swim? I have a long talk with the teacher. 4. 拿;得到,取得[W]

We gave him a present, but he wouldn't have it. 我们给他一件礼物,但他不肯接受。 5. have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.

At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 6. 表示“吃”、“喝”。

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home?

7. 组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。

(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others.

She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.

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一个人能走多远，关键在于他年青时能看多远！

(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 The two men had their lights burning all night long. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.

He should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.

②遭遇到某事。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.

Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine. (4)加to的动词不定式作补语have sth to do 有某事要做。如： I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。

二、have作助动词

1. have/has做助动词，与动词的过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。

have/has+done 现在完成时 had +done 过去完成时 will have +done 将来完成时

would have +done 过去将来完成时 have/has been +doing 现在完成进行时 had been +doing 过去完成进行时

 I have finished my homework.  The boy has eaten a big apple.

 They haven't finished the job yet.

2. have/has做助动词，用于虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设。

She might have come if she hadn't been so busy. 当时若不是那么忙，她是可能来的。 3. have做助动词，用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。

(1) must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。 Her father thought that she must have met a fairy. You must have left your bag in the theatre. (2) can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.

(3) should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。 You should have been here five minutes ago.

三、have作名词，表示富人;富国[the P]

The gap between the haves and the have-nots is widening. 贫富之间的差距在扩大。

四、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必须”，可用于各种时态。 I have to look after her at home.

五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。

1. have a word (a few words)with sb. 表示和某人说一（几）句话。 Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.

2. had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“…最好…”。 I'd better go and look for him now.

3. have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…无（有）”关系。 Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.

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