西方三大节日

2023-03-12 05:11:11   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《西方三大节日》,欢迎阅读!
西方,节日,三大
复活节——Easter

纪念耶稣基督在十字架上受刑死后三天复活(resurrection),因而设立此节。

复活节是宗教节日,在每年春分月圆的第一个周日。每年的具体日期不确定,加之复活节总是在星期天,所以英文可以是Easter/Easter Day,或Easter Sunday

虽说是基督教徒铭记耶稣复活的节日,复活节彩蛋Easter egg和复活节兔子(Easter Bunny)这些民间风俗却和宗教无关。 蛋象征初春一切恢复生机regenerative life,兔子在异教象征多产。 彩蛋和兔子是孩子们最喜欢的,通常几个家庭在这一天聚餐,会让孩子们一起寻找藏起来的彩蛋。现在的彩蛋也不局限于再鸡蛋上涂上颜色,而是蛋状的外壳,里面装着糖果和巧克力。

Easter (322日到425)

Easter is from 22nd March to 25th April. Easter is an important holiday in Western(西方) countries. Many children buy chocolate(巧克力)and Easter eggs. They also make Easter eggs.I did one in my second year of my college life with the help of my foreign teacher!

万圣节Halloween October 31

Common Halloween activities include trick-or-treating不给糖就捣乱,

wearing costumes 万圣节服装(人们会穿着精心准备的服装参加万圣节舞会。传统的万圣节服装是恶魔devils、吸血鬼(vampires、骷髅(skeletons、幽灵(ghosts、女巫(witches。近几年,服装也出现科幻色彩,如外星人(aliens)和超人(superheroes。同时流行文化也在万圣节服装上有所呈现,出现了在万圣节穿得像总统,运动员等

and attending costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns杰克灯Jack-o'-lantern)也叫南瓜灯,是万圣节的重要道具。人们制作的南瓜灯通常都有一双邪恶的眼睛和一张大嘴,并且从中透出飘忽不定的烛光。它的做法也极为简单。将南瓜(pumpkin)掏空,然后在外面刻上笑眯眯的眼睛和大嘴巴,再在瓜中插上一支蜡烛candle,把它点燃。为了欢迎万圣节,当夜幕降临后,孩子们就会穿上五颜六色的化妆服(costume,戴上千奇百怪的面具(mask,提上一盏杰克灯跑出去玩 apple bobbing咬苹果(是万圣节的一个传统游戏。在游戏中,人们把盆子或桶盛满水,并把苹果放在水中, 因为苹果的密度比水小,所以会漂浮在水面上。然后,参加游戏的人在不用手的情况下去咬苹果,谁先咬到,谁就是优胜者。在玩游戏的过程中,为了防止人们用手接触苹果,通常会把双手绑在背后 telling ghost stories or other frightening tales, and watching horror films.

南瓜灯的传说 吝啬的爱尔兰酒鬼Jack骗魔鬼爬进了苹果树的树洞,然后迅速在树干上刻了一个神圣的十字,住了魔鬼。Jack逼着魔鬼起誓永远不再追索、或以任何其他方式谋取他的灵魂,这才把魔鬼放了出来。然而这却挡不住死亡的来临。Jack死后,由于酗酒、吝啬和欺诈,他未被允许进入天堂。而由于魔鬼的誓言,Jack也不能进入地狱。那么我去哪里呢?” Jack不知所措地问。哪儿来的回哪儿去!魔鬼恶狠狠地回答。回去的路冷风四起,黑暗无边。魔鬼从地狱之火拣了一块烧得通红的火炭扔给他。为了照路又不被风吹灭,Jack将火炭放进了他手里拿着的大头菜中。Jack就这样举着他的灯笼寻找自己在地球上的存身之处。后来苏格兰人模仿他,挖空大头菜,放入蜡烛做灯笼;爱尔兰人用大头菜或用土豆做灯笼;英格兰人则用甜菜。后来他们移民到美国,发现了一个更好用的灯笼──南瓜灯!这个故事其实是在告诫人们,无论什么情形,都不要和魔鬼做交易。

感恩节 Thanksgiving Day (11月的最后一个星期四)

On every last Thursday of November is a special day. Some Americans think Thanksgiving Day is more important than Christmas Day. On that day, all people have supper with their family . People like to eat turkey(火鸡) and some fruits.


由来origin

感恩节的起源,和英国基督教的宗教纷争有关。17世纪中叶,英国保皇议会通过了《信奉国教法》,开始对宣布脱离国教(Anglican)的清教徒(Pilgrims)进行残酷的迫害。被逼无奈,这些清教徒只得远走他乡。16209月,清教徒的著名领袖布雷德福召集了102名同伴,乘坐五月花May Flower号船,经过两个多月的海上颠簸,终于平安抵达适合他们居住的天然良港——马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯港(Plymouth, Massachusetts)

但是,接下来的严冬和繁重的劳作接二连三地夺去了一半以上移民的生命。就在他们束手无策之际,一名印第安人(Indian)走进了普利茅斯村。他给移民们送来了生活必需品,派来最有经验、最能干的印第安人教他们捕鱼、狩猎、耕作以及饲养火鸡等。

1621年的秋天,远涉重洋的移民们获得了大丰收,终于过上了安定、富裕的日子。为了感谢上帝的眷顾,他们举行了3天的狂欢活动,同时邀请曾帮助他们度过难关的印第安人一起参加。从此,这一习俗就沿续下来,并逐渐风行各地。1863年,美国总统林肯正式宣布感恩节为国定假日。届时,家家团聚,举国同庆,其盛大、热烈的情形,不亚于中国人过春节。

习俗customs

感恩节当天,美国城乡、市、镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等。孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装,画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。同时,好客的美国人也会记得在这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的人共度佳节,或在感恩节当日给穷苦人家送上一篮子食物。 感恩节晚宴是美国人一年中最重视的一餐。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果、桔子、栗子、胡桃、葡萄干布丁、碎肉馅饼(mince pie)、各种其他食物以及红莓苔汁(cranberry juice)和鲜果汁(squash)。其中最吸引人的是烤火鸡(roast turkey)和南瓜馅饼(pumpkin pie),这两味珍品体现了美国人忆及先民开拓艰难、追思第一个感恩节的怀旧情绪。感恩节又称为火鸡节。火鸡一般要整只烘烤,以面包作填料(stuffed with a bread dressing)以吸取美味汁液。在被端上桌后,整只火鸡会被用刀切成薄片分给客人,再按客人喜好被浇上卤汁,洒上盐,味道十分鲜美。

圣诞节 Christmas Day December 25th

On Christmas Day, many people will have big parties. They like eating turkey(火鸡), fruits and drinking some juice for supper. After supper, many people will go out for shopping and walking with their children. There are a lot of special things: Christmas trees, socks, some presents. So in Christmas Day, all the families are very happy.

The Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. This festival is to commemorate the death of QuYuan, an upright and honest poet and statesman who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.

The most important activity of this festival is the Dragon Boat races. It symbolizes people's attempts to rescue Qu Yuan. In the current period, these races also demonstrate the virtues of cooperation and teamwork. Besides, the festival has also been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice). Zong zi is made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. People who mourned the death of Qu threw Zong zi into the river to feed his ghost every year.

With the changes of the times, the memorial turns to be a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of year. People will hang healthy herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house. Although the significance of the festival might be different with the past, it still gives the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural heritage.


本文来源:https://www.wddqxz.cn/a0fe0cbdd3d233d4b14e852458fb770bf78a3bf1.html

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