【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《句子成分》,欢迎阅读!
句子的成分
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1. 定语(Attributive)
定语用来修饰名词或代词。
There are two students in the classroom.(数词) The red car is mine .那辆红色的小轿车是我的。(形容词) What 's your name ? 你叫什么名字?(代词)
The book on the desk is my brother's .桌子上的书是我哥哥的。(介词) The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语) We have much homework to do.(不定式)
The wallet lying on the ground is mine .地上的钱包是我的。(分词) The man who is standing at the school gate is our English teacher. 站在校门口的那个人是我们的英语老师。(从句) 2.表语(Predicative)
用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受。
常用的连系动词有:be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,become, get,turn。 They are workers. (名词) Two and three is five. (数词)
The story is very interesting. (形容词) I feel tired. (形容词)
The dish tastes delicious. (形容词) 3. 宾语(Object)
宾语一般位于及物动词之后,是动作、行为的对象。它和谓语动词一起使用 说明主语“做什么”,通常放在谓语动词之后。 He often helps me.
She is playing the piano in her room. She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
①动词+双宾语( 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) ,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。 My mother will buy me a new bike . 我妈妈将给我买一辆新的自行车。 My mother always cooks delicious food for me .
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。 加双宾语的动词可以分为两类:
to :give,show,lend, pass,write,hand,send,take,bring,等。 for:make,cook,buy,get,order,draw等。 ②动词+不定式作宾语
这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose等。 I hope to see you again.
③动词+动名词作宾语 这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on),spend , be worth , be busy , feel like , have fun , have trouble / problems 。 I enjoy listening to music .
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 a) forget to do 忘记去做某事(未做) b) forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做)
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom . 离开教室时别忘了关灯。(没有做关灯这个动作) He forgot turning off the light .
他忘记他把灯关了。(已做过关灯这个动作) b)stop to do停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事
I stopped to talk with him.我停下来与他谈话。
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 4. 宾语补足语(Object complement)
在有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语 + 宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。在英语中常见的“宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构有: ① “宾语 + 名词”。
We call the bird Polly .我们叫那只鸟Polly。
They made Jack their monitor .他们选杰克做班长。 ② “宾语 + 形容词”。
We must keep our classroom clean .我们必须保持教室整洁。 ③ “宾语 + 动词不定式”。充当宾语补足语的不定式有三种: ❀ 带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want,invite,order,wish,promise,advise,warn,would like,encourage等。
My parents often ask me to study hard .父母经常叫我努力学习。
My friend invited me to have dinner yesterday .昨天我朋友邀请我吃饭。 ❀ 不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有: 一感(feel) 、二听(hear , listen to )、三让(let , make , have)、四看(look at , see , watch ,notice )
I often see him play the piano .我经常看见他弹钢琴。
When I came in , I saw him playing the piano .当我进来时,我看到他正在弹钢琴。 ❀ help后作宾语补足语的不定式带to或不带to都可以。
She sometimes helps her parents (to) do housework .她有时帮她父母做家务。 ⑤ “宾语 + 过去分词”。宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动的动作已完成。使役动词等后接过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动关系;接动词原形作宾语补足语时,则表示主动关系。 I will have my hair cut tomorrow .明天我将去理发。
The driver had his car washed once a week . 那位司机每周让人洗一次车。 When we arrived there , we found the building burnt . 我们赶到那儿时发现楼房已经烧毁了。
本文来源:https://www.wddqxz.cn/8a4207f12cc58bd63186bd5a.html