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关系代词that和who 的区别
首先:用作关系代词的 who 和 that 都可以引导定语从句,用于指人,两者常可互换,
但以下几点需注意:
用法一:在 all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody 等词之后两者都可用,但以用 that 较普通。
例:Hands up, anyone who knows the answer. 知道答案的请举手。
All who / that heard the story were amazed. 听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。
He was a man who was beloved by all who knew him. 每一个他所认识的人都敬重他。
用法二:在序数词、形容词最高级以
及 the only, the same, the very 等之后两者都可用,但以用 that 较普通。
例:She is the most beautiful girl I ever saw. 她是我生平见过的最美丽的女孩。
用法三:引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用 who。
例: He confessed to his wife, who said she had thought as much. 他向妻子坦白了,他妻子说她事先已料到会如此。
Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term.
史密斯夫人很有教学经验,她下个学期将来与我们一道工
作。
用法四:当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常只用 that。 例:He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.
他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。
The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting hadto be transferred to another plane.
仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。
用法五:当先行词是 who 时,为避免重复,通常要用 that。
例:Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?
例:Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?
有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?
用法六:当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用 that,但也可以省略。 例:He is no longer the person that he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
总之归结以下,只用who 不用that的情况: 1, 当先行词是one,ones,anyone或者those时 2, There be 结构中
3, 先行词是人,后有较长修饰语的时候
4, 当先行词是you,he ,they 等时(常用于谚语中)
5, 当先行词指成员的集体名词(例:audience, class, family, government等) 6, Who引导非限制性定语从句 7, 先行词是拟人化的名词
8, 先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。
只要看清楚先行词修饰,或者说指代的名词是什么,然后根据它在从句中充当什么成分,便可辨认出用什么先行词。
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