关于计算机病毒的英中文论文

2022-07-14 20:14:21 文档大全网 [ 字体：小中大 ] [ 阅读： ]

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What are computer viruses? According to Fred Cohen‟s well-known definition, a computer virus is a computer program that can infect other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a (possibly evolved) copy of itself. Note that a program does not have to perform outright damage (such as deleting or corrupting files) in order to be called a “virus”. However, Cohen uses the terms within his definition (e.g. “program” and “modify”) a bit differently from the way most anti-virus researchers use them, and classifies as viruses some things which most of us would not consider viruses. Computer viruses are bits of code that damage or erase information, files, or software programs in your computer, much like viruses that infect humans, computer viruses can spread, and your computer can catch a virus when you download an infected file from the Internet or copy an infected file from a diskette. Once the viruses is embedded into your computer‟s files, it can immediately start to damage or destroy information, or it can wait for a particular date or event to trigger its activity.

Viruses are software programs, and they can do the same things as any other program running on a computer. The accrual effect of any particular virus depends on how it was programmed by the person who wrote the virus. Some viruses are deliberately designed to damage files or otherwise interfere with your computer‟s operation, while other don‟t do anything but try to spread themselves around. But even the ones that just spread themselves are harmful, since they damage files and may cause other problems in the process of spreading. Note that viruses can‟t do any damage to hardware: they won‟t melt down your CPU, burn out your hard drive, cause your monitor to explode, etc. warnings about viruses that will physically destroy your computer are usually hoaxes, not legitimate virus warnings. Modern viruses can exist on any system form MS DOS and Window 3.1 to MacOS, UNIX, OS/2, Windows NT. Some are harmless, though hard to catch. They can play a jingle on Christmas or reboot your computer occasionally. Other are more dangerous. They can delete or corrupt your files, format hard drives, or do something of that sort. There are some deadly ones that can spread over networks with or without a host, transmit sensitive information over the network to a third party, or even mess with financial data on-line. What‟s the story on viruses and E-mail? You can‟t get a virus just by reading a plain-text E-mail message or Usenet post. What you have to watch out for are encoded message containing embedded executable code (i.e., JavaScript in HTML message) or message that include an executable file attachment (i.e., an encoded program file or a Word document containing macros). So we must be more concerned about computer virus and we must take measures to avoid Virus Infections Install anti-virus software from a well-known, reputable company. UPDATE it regularly, and USE it regularly. New viruses come out every single day; an a-v program that have not been updated for several months will not provide much protection against current viruses. In addition to scanning for viruses on a regular basis, install an „on access‟ scanner (included in most good a-v software packages) and configure it to start automatically each time you boot your system. This will protect your system by checking for viruses each time your computer accesses an executable file. Virus scans any new programs or other files that may contain executable code before you run or open them, no matter where they come from. There have been cases of commercially distributed floppy disks and CD-ROMs spreading virus infections. Anti-virus programs aren‟t very good at detecting Trojan horse programs, so be extremely careful about opening binary files and Word/Excel documents from unknown or „dubious‟ sources. This includes posts in binary newsgroups, downloads from web/ftp sites that aren‟t well-known or don‟t have a good reputation, and executable files unexpectedly received as attachments to

E-mail. Be extremely careful about accepting programs or other flies during on-line chat sessions: this seems to be one of the more common means that people wind up with virus or Trojan horse problems. And if any other family members (especially youngerones) use the computer, make sure they know not to accept any files while using chat. Do regular backups. Some viruses and Trojan horse programs will erase or corrupt files on your hard drive and a recent backup may be the only way to recover your data. Ideally, you should back up your entire system on a regular basis. If this is not practical, at least backup files you can‟t afford to lose or that would be difficult to replace: documents, bookmark files, address books, important E-mail, etc. Dealing with Virus Infections First, keep in mind “Nick‟s First Law of Computer Virus Complaints”: “Just because your computer is acting strangely or one of your programs dose not work right, this does not mean that your computer has a virus.” If you haven‟t used a good, up-to-date anti-virus program on your computer, do that first. Many problems blamed on viruses are actually caused by software configuration errors or other problems that have nothing to do with a virus. If you do get infected by a virus, follow the direction in your anti-virus program for cleaning it. If you have backup copies of the infected files, use those to restore the files. Check the files you restore to make sure your backups were not infected. for assistance, check the web site and support service for your anti-virus software. Note: in general, drastic measures such as formatting your hard drive or using FDISK should be avoided. They are frequently useless at cleaning a virus infection, and may do more harm than good unless you‟ re very knowledgeable about the effects of the particular virus you‟re dealing with.

什么是计算机病毒,按照Fred Cohen的广为流传的定义,计算机病毒是一种侵入其他计算机程序中的计算机程序,他通过修改其他的程序从而将,也可能是自身的变形,的复制品嵌入其中。注意一个程序之所以成为“病毒”并非一定要起彻底的破坏作用如删除或毁坏文件。然而Cohen在他的定义,即“程序”和“修改”中使用的“病毒”这个术语与大多数反病毒研究人员使用的“病毒”术语有些差别,他把一些我们多数人认为不是病毒的东西也归类为病毒。计算机病毒是一些能破坏或删除计算机中的信息、文件或程序的代码。正如感染人体的病毒一样计算机病毒能够扩散。当你的计算机从互联网上下载一个被感染的文件或者从磁盘上复制一个被感染的文件时你的计算机就会染上病毒。而一旦病毒进入到你的计算机文件中,它就能马上破坏或摧毁其中的信息或者等到某个特殊的日期或事件来临时才触发其破坏活动。

计算机病毒对计算机做什么? 病毒是软件程序它所做的事情与计算机上运行的任何其他程序所做的事情相同。任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写病毒的程序员是如何编写的。有些病毒有意设计为损坏文件和妨碍计算机的运行,也有一些病毒只传播自己而不做其他任何事情。但即便只传播自己的病毒也是有害的,因为它们在传播过程中损坏文件,还可能引起其他问题。注意病毒不会对硬件造成任何损坏,它们不会彻底损坏你的CPU,也不会烧坏你的硬盘,引起你的显示器爆炸等。关于病毒将物理上破坏你的计算机的警告通常是恶作剧,不是合理的病毒警告。现代病毒能够存在于从MS DOS 、Windows 3.1到 MacOS、 UNIX、 OS/2、 Windows NT等各种系统上。有些尽管难以发现,但却是无害的,它们知识偶尔在圣诞节产生叮当声或重新启动你的系统,另一些病毒却是有害的,它们能够删除或破坏你的文件、格式化硬盘或者做一些其他的事情,还有一些是致命的病毒,它们能随或不随宿主程序在网上传播,通过网络向第三方式从敏感的信息或者甚至搞乱即时财经数据。关于病毒和电子邮件有什么误解, 仅仅阅读一个纯文本的电子邮件或Usenet邮件不可能得到一个病毒。你必须警惕的是那些包含了可执行代码的编程消息.例如一个HTML消息中的JavaScript,或包含一个可执行文件附件的消息,例如一个编码程序文件或包含宏的Word文档。

所以我们必须更加关心电脑病毒并且采取措施避免病毒感染, 安装著名公司的防病毒软件定期升级定期使用。新的计算机病毒每天都可能到来。几个月不升级的病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。要定期扫描病毒除此之外安装“访问时”扫描程序大部分好的防病毒软件包中都有.并把它们配置为每次开机时自动启动。这将通过每次访问可执行文件就自动检查病毒来保护你的系统。在打开或执行一个新程序或其他包含可执行代码的文件之前,先进行病毒扫描,无论它们来自哪里。也有出售的软盘和CD-ROM光盘传播病毒的情况。防病毒程序不能很好地检查特洛伊木马程序,所以当打开来自不知道的或“不确定的”源的二进制文件和Word/Excel文档是要特别小心。这包括二进制新闻组的邮件、来自不著名或良好声誉的Web/ftp网站的下载、收到意外的作为电子邮件附件的可执行文件。在联网聊天时接收到的程序其他文件要特别小心这似乎是人们感染计算机病毒或惹上特洛伊木马麻烦的更普遍的途径之一。如果任何一个家庭成员,特别是年轻人,使用了计算机一定要让他们知道聊天时不能接收任何文件。,定期备份。某些病毒或特洛伊木马程序会删除和破坏硬盘上的文件,而最近的备份也许是恢复数据的唯一途径。理想的情况是定期备份整个系统。如果做不到至少要备份不能承受丢失或难以替代的文件文档、书签文件、地址薄、重要的电子邮件等。处理病毒感染首先谨记“计算机病毒症的尼克第一定律”,“仅仅因为你的计算机表现奇怪或一个程序不能正常工作,这并不意味着你的计算机有了病毒。” 如果你的计算机没有使用好的、升级过的防病毒程序先做这件事吧。许多归咎于病毒的问题实际上是由软件配置错误或其他与病毒无关的问题引起的。如果你被计算机病毒感染了,按照你恢复的文件的说明来清除它。如果备份了被感染的文件用防病毒软件来恢复它。检查你恢复的文件确保你的备份没有被感染。要寻求帮助请查看网站及防病毒软件的支持服务。注意一般来说,应该避免使用像格式化硬盘或用FDISK这样的过激措施。这常常对清除病毒感染无效,并且弊大于利除非你对处理的病毒非常了解。