if引导的虚拟语气练习题

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if引导的虚拟语气练习题

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if引导的虚拟语气练习题 黄志刚2013.10. 一. 简介

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气

在什么情况下用虚拟语气?在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。

二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真:eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss

the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。If he is free, he

will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 非真:eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 If there were no air, people

would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 1 / 37 精品文档

2、用法及动词形式


1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。2.If

I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果

我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the

earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我

带钱了，我就会借给你些。5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。2.If he

had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果

他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周

日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果

她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示 建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语 气，”should，动词原形”构成，should 可省略。 4、 有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同 2 / 37 精品文档

时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。?从句的动作


与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事 实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现

在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我

们现在就不会来这里了，?从句的动作与现在事实相反，而

主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的

话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她

了。?从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与

现在正在发生的情况相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如

果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.

要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。

5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were,

should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是 3 / 37 精品文档

他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had

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