【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《动词的“三单”,ing,和过去式变化规则》,欢迎阅读!
动词的第三人称单数的单数及发音规则:
1. 一般直接在此为加—s,-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts 如 help helps/s/ know knows/z/ get gets/s/ read reads/z/ 2. 以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es,—es 读 /iz/, 如 guess guesses fix fixes teach teaches wash washes 注意:go goes/z/ do does /z/
3. 辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,-ies读/iz/ carry carries fly flies
注意:在play———plays,say---—says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加—s 4. 特俗词例外
5. be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has
注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后,字母”e”发音,与所加—s一起读作/iz/,如 close closes/iz/
动词的ing变化规则:
1. 一般情况直接加ing,如 look-looking go---going visit———visiting
2. 以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如 come———coming make—-—making
write---writing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如
run—--running stop---stopping get-——getting swim--—swimming begin--—beginning 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如
study—-—studying carry———carrying fly—--flying cry--—crying 5. 以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如 die--—dying tie---tying lie——-lying
动词的过去式变化规则:
1. 规则变化
(1) 一般直接在动词后加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/
后读/id/,如
call——-called open-——opened look-——looked want—--wanted /id/ need———needed /id/
(2) 以不发音的“e"结尾的,直接加—d ,如 live—--lived move-——moved hope--—hoped
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加—ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y结
尾的,还是直接加—ed,如,play-——played, enjoy---enjoyed)如
study——-studied cry—--cried try-—-tried
(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加—ed,如 plan-——planned fit--—fitted stop——-stopped
2. 不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式
am,is—was are—were, do—did, see—saw, say-said, give—gave, get—got, go—went come—came have/has-had eat—ate, take—took
run—ran put—put make-made read—read write—wrote draw-drew drink-drank fly—flew ride-rode speak—spoke sweep—swept swim-swam sit-sat hear- heard sleep—slept let-let
blow—blew hurt-hurt speak—spoke buy—bought keep—kept swim—swam eat—ate
catch—caught know-knew stand—stood choose-chose lie—lay leave—left draw—drew
teach –taught drink-drank make- made tell-told think—thought mean-meant feel-felt drive—drove meet-met write –wrote find—found fly—flew
forget —forgot ring -rang see —saw ride-rode
grow—grew sing-sang/sung begin-began learn—learned/learnt
可数名词变复数的规则:
1. 规则变化:
(1) 一般情况下,在词尾加—s, 如book---books boy--—boys
(2) 以—s, —x,-ch, —sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如bus———buses watch--—watches
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加—es, 如city—-—cities family-——
families
(4) 以-f或—fe结尾的分两类,一类直接加-s,另一类大多数情况下,将—f或—fe
改为v,再加-es,如,roof-—-roofs belief—--beliefs leaf--—leaves life---lives knife—-—knives
2. 不规则变化
(1) 元音字母发生变化 man-—-men tooth———teeth goose-——geese (2) 词尾变化 child--—children mouse-—-mice
(3) 单复数同形 sheep—--sheep deer—--deer fish--—fish
另附清辅音与浊辅音:
清辅音: [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ts] [t∫] [tr] [h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
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