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主 谓 一 致
在英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词所采取的形式，这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循以下原则： 1. 语法一致
预发布一致指主语和位于在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也是采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 由each，each and each, every and （1）当and 和both....and....连接名词作主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。 every ....作主语时，谓语动词用单 Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。 数形式。Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每个男孩 和女孩都得到了一本书。 （2）不定代词everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,anyone, anybody,nobody, no one, everything, something, anything, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。 Everybody here knows me. 这里的每个人都认识我。
Something is wrong with my computer. 我的计算机出毛病了。
（3）名词后接with，together with，as well as, rather than , including ,besides, like, except, but等引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由这些短语前面的名词的单复数形式决定。 谁是“领导”谁做主 A woman with three children has come. 一个女人带着三个孩子来了。 I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。
（4）“a lot of (lots of )”, “plenty of ”, “most of + 名词”和”分数或百分数+ of + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of students have been there. 很多学生去过那里。
（5）由“a pair (kind) of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； “pairs (kinds) + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 a set of 类似
（6）由两部分构成的不是物体的名词，（如trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves, ....）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。
（7）不定式或v.-ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 可以用it 作形式主语互换 To learn English well isn’t very easy. = It isn’t very easy to learn English well . Mending the car is his job. 修车是他的工作。
（8）用“one, every one, each one, each, either等 + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of students is studying hard. 每个学生都在努力地学习。 Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都是正确的。
但指“几分之几人口” （9）分数和百分数主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由后面的名词决定。
时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of students in our class are boys .我们班三分之二的心学生是男生。
Two thirds of the water is polluted. 三分之二的水被污染了。
（10）a number of “许多，若干”，后接名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of “.....的数目”，后接名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍到了。
The number of students in our class is 30. 我们班的学生人数为30.
2. 意义一致
意义一致指从意义上着眼处理主谓关系。比如：主语形式虽然是单数，但意义上却是复数谓语动词就应该用复数形式。某些情况下，主语虽然是复数形式，但意义是单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 （1）由and 连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念，则谓语动词用单数首先。 The scientist and inventor is his father. 哪位科学家兼发明家是他的父亲。（同一个人身兼两职） 【注意： one and a half 的后面要接复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 one + 单数名词 + and + a half 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey = One cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey .】 （2）表示金钱、时间、价格、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Do you think three dollars is enough? 你认为三美元够吗？ （3）family, crowd, company, class, group 等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词就用复数形式。
The crowd are fighting for their lives.这些人正在为生存而战斗。 （4）cattle,people, police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police have caught the murderer. 警方已经抓捕了凶手。
（5）学科名词maths, politics, physics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Maths is hard for me to learn. 对我来说，数学很难学。
3. 就近原则
就近原则是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的用作主语的词。 只跟后一个词后面的主一致 （1）由either....or..., neither.....nor...., not only....but (also).....等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Not only his children but also he wants to go to the Great Wall. 不仅他的孩子想去，他也想去长城。 Either you or he is wrong .不是你就他错了。
（2）There be ...., 或Here is ....这两个结构中，be 动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a pen ,two pencils and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，两支铅笔和一些书。 There are two pencils, a pen and some books. 书桌上有两支铅笔，一支钢笔和一些书。
练习
1. Nowadays ,there _________ more heroes in China .We admire them a lot. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2. Neither you nor he __________ good at drawing. A.are B.is C.be
3. -- The number of tourists __________ over 33 million this year.
-- Yes. A large number of tourists _______ so far because of the new look of our city . A.is ; have come B.is ; has come C.are ; has come D.are ; have come
4. Not only children but also my husband _________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea ( 《红海行动》） A.is B.are C.am D.be 5. Playing computer games too often ________ bad for us. A. am B.is C.are
6. Two months _______ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A.am B.is C.are
7. -- Jack , _________ of the oranges __________ gone bad.
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2023-04-14
