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本篇课程首发于2019年7月28日
Not Quite Beyond Reasonable Doubt: Emojis 用Emoji定罪? 证据不那么确凿
① For an average court judge, a text message with a minute picture of an aubergine or a maple leaf seems pretty harmless - a far cry from the ambiguous and often controversial messages it can convey to social media users.
在普通法官眼里,一条短信中带有茄子或枫叶的小图案似乎无伤大雅;而对于社交媒体用户而言,它们传达的信息可能模棱两可,往往备受争议。两者的理解可谓大相径庭。
1.beyond (a)reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑(法律术语) reasonable /ˈriːzənəbəl/ adj. 合理的;公道的
排除合理怀疑是英美法系国家验证刑事罪行时必要的举证标准。这个标准就是说原告提供的证据在一个理性的人的看来不存在任何疑点,才能判定被告有罪。
2.emoji /iˈməʊdʒi, iˈmoʊdʒi/ n. 表情符号 emoji其实来源于日语えもじ,意思是绘文本。其中的“绘”指图形。所以emoji就是指这些图像化的表情符号。 3.minute /maɪˈnjuːt, maɪˈnuːt/ adj. 微小的;极小的(extremely small ) minute /maɪˈnjuːt, maɪˈnuːt/ adj. 详细的a minute examination 细致的检查
4.average adj. 普通的;平常的;平均的 an average speed 、an average price 5.aubergine /ˈəʊbəʒiːn, ˈoʊbərˌdʒin/ n. 茄子 美:eggplant英:aubergine
6.a far cry from 和……相去甚远;与……大相径庭 A is a far cry from B.A和B大不相同。 This flat is a far cry from the house they had before.
7.ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ adj. 模糊不清的;不明确的 an ambiguous statement 9.convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 传递;传达 convey sth. to sb. 向某人传递某物 convey a message to sb. 向……传递信息
convey my apologies to sb. 向……传达自己的歉意
② This is one reason why emojis, the tiny pictures of anything from animals to symbolic representations of emotions, are increasingly taking centre stage in American and British courtrooms as evidence, creating headaches for all concerned. Indeed, such is the head-scratching that demands are growing for glossaries to guide the interpretation of these potentially puzzling pictograms.
这也是emoji越来越多地作为证据在英美两国法庭上成为焦点的原因之一。从动物图像到情绪象征,涵盖各种事物的小小emoji让庭审各方都头疼不已。这个问题确实令人抓耳挠腮,以至于人们越发需要一套emoji的解释汇编,来帮助解读这些可能令人困惑的“象形符号”。 10.take centre stage 成为焦点 take the stage 登台表演;上场 11.tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj. 微小的 =minute
14.concerned /kənˈsɜːnd, kənˈsɜːrnd/ adj. 有关的 concern vt. 涉及 concerned 同义词:involved
Apologies to all involved. 向所有涉及到的人道歉。
15.head-scratching /hed-ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人挠头的;令人头痛的 scratch one's head (over sth.) 苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁This crisis has politicians scratching their heads and wondering what to do. 这场危机让政治家们抓破了脑袋,不知怎么办才好。
16.glossary /ˈɡlɒsəri, ˈɡlɑːsəri/ n. 术语表;词汇表 与vocabulary的区别:glossary是对词汇进行解释的词汇表;而vocabulary就是词汇列表。 17.interpretation n. 理解,说明 interpretation of sth. 对……的理解interpretations of the laws 对法律的理解interpretations of the role 对角色的理解
20.pictogram /ˈpɪktəɡræm/ n. 图形符号
③ Take, for example, emojis featuring a pair of high heeled shoes and a bag of money that appeared in one US prostitution case. While one expert witness argued that it meant “wear your high heels to come make some money”, the defendant favoured a more conventionally romantic interpretation.
以美国一起卖淫案件为例,该案件中出现了一对高跟鞋和一袋钱的emoji。一名专家证人坚称,该表情符号表示“穿上你的高跟鞋来接客”,而被告则辩称这是传统的示爱表现。
21.creat headaches for 为……带来麻烦 creat /kriˈeɪt/ vt. 创造create sth. for sb. 为……创造……The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
22.feature /ˈfiːtʃər/ vt. 以……为主要内容 The company’s logo features a panda. 23.prostitution case 卖淫案件 prostitution /ˌprɒstɪˈtjuːʃn, ˌprɑːstəˈtuːʃən/ n. 卖淫 24.expert witness 专家证人 expert /ˈekspɜːt, ˈekspɜːrt/ adj. 熟练的;内行的 25.favour /ˈfeɪvə, ˈfeɪvər/ vt. 倾向于;赞成
④ Another bone of contention might be the different meanings attached to the symbols by users on varying platforms. For example, while Google users tend to take “grinning face with smiling eyes” as “blissfully happy,” Apple aficionados see it as “ready to fight.”
另一个争议点可能在于,不同平台上的用户对同一表情符号赋予的含义不同。例如,谷歌用户倾向于将“笑脸盈盈”的emoji解读为“感到由衷快乐”,苹果用户则认为这个表情意为“准备开战”。
28.bone of contention 争议的焦点;争执所在(the main issue of a disagreement) bone /bəʊn, boʊn/ n. 骨头contention /kənˈtenʃən/ n. 争论;主张;看法
The examination system has long been a serious bone of contention in this country.
30.varying adj. 不同的 vary /ˈveəri, ˈveri/ vt. 变化;变动vary the diet 调整饮食 33.blissfully /'blisfuli/ adv. 极其幸福地 blissful /ˈblɪsfəl/ adj. 极其幸福的 a blissful summer holiday 一个幸福快乐的暑假
34.aficionado /əˌfɪʃəˈnɑdoʊ, əˌfɪʃiəˈnɑːdəʊ/ n. 狂热爱好者;……的迷 a jazz aficionado 爵士乐迷wine aficionado 葡萄酒爱好者/品酒爱好者
[+ of ] an aficionado of fine food 美食家an aficionado of Marvel films 漫威粉
⑤ Many, however, see the issue as little more than storm in a teacup that will blow over as people get more familiar with emojis in court cases. As with all technologies that have emerged in history, problems usually resolve themselves naturally after a period of adjustment.
然而,许多人认为这只不过是小题大做,随着人们对法庭案件里出现的emoji越来越熟悉,这个问题将迎刃而解。正如历史上出现的所有技术一样,在经过一段时间的调整后,许多问题自然会得到解决。
35.little more than 只不过;仅仅是(only) 36.storm in a teacup 大惊小怪;小题大做
37.blow over 逐渐平息;渐渐停止 The scandal will soon blow over.
38.emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ, ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ vi. 出现 New evidence emerged during the investigation. 39.resolve /rɪˈzɒlv, rɪˈzɑːlv/ vt. 解决 resolve a(n) issue/dispute/crisis解决问题/争端/危机
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