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when 从句的理解及翻译
白领丽人
when引导的状语从句除了表示时间外(常译作“当......时”），还可以表示许多别的意思，译法也是很灵活的。
1）when 从句表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。有时这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动,或制止了即将发生的情况。注意主句常用进行时、完成时或“be about + inf.”之类。例如：
I was wondering through the street when it began to rain. 我正在街上漫步时，突然下起雨来。
He was about to strike the tree with the axe when he heard someone crying : “Please don't hurt the tree.” 他正要拿斧头砍树突然听到有人喊：“请不要砍这树”。
I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ____ I heard voices. A. as B. when C. after D. whole （B4,1997.6,Ｂ对。）我正要回家去换衣服，忽然听到一些声响。
I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, “Do you speak English?” (New Concept English Book 3, L.14 )快到达城镇时，那个年青人突然慢慢地说：你会说英语吗？”
The plane had been planting seeds for nearly a month when it began to rain . (New Concept English, Book 2, L.62) 飞机播种了将近一个月才开始下雨。
The government ____ to approve the use of wide-spread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.
A) is going B) had been C) was about D) is coming (TOEFL,96.2, C对)
On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.
A) which B) where C) when D) that
(2000年考研，第5题,C对。)有一天下着雨，我经佛蒙特州向北行驶，忽然我注意到一个年轻人举着牌子，上面写着“波士顿”。
在一般复合句里,句子的语义重心在主句,从句表示的内容处于陪衬的地位;而在含有when 从句的这类句子里,句子的语义重心在when 从句,而主句表示的内容反而处于从属的地位,难怪有些语法家把它们划入并列句。翻译时应把这层意思译出来。
2）表示原因，相当于since, considering that,例如：
It's very difficult for older people to give proper guidance when they have no experience of being young today. 老年人因为没有今天的年青人的经历，要他们作出正确的指导是很困难的。
I am not to tell him about the truth when he won't listen.既然他不愿意听，我就不把事情的真相告诉他了。
In the present situation, when we have significant problems with the euro and the IMF is very much involved there, there should be a European candidate with support from the international community. 在目前欧元存在严重问题，而国际货币基金组织与此牵涉很深这样一种情况下，应该有一位取得国际社会支持的欧洲候选人。
3）表示条件，相当于if, 或on condition that.例如：
It's safer and more comfortable when we each pay for ourselves . 如果我们各自付费，那就安全得多， 也舒服得多。
It's very hard for us to realize you are an adult when you throw all your clothes on the floor. 如果你总是把衣服扔到地上，我们很难想象你已经长大。
He says social media sites are valuable when they show the abilities of job candidates and not just their job title and experience.他说，社交媒体网站是很有价值的，但是必须展示出应聘者的能力，而不只是工作职位和工作经验。
4）表示对比。这一用法与while 相似：
The British don't drink at dinner when most other people do. 英国人吃饭时不喝酒，而别的许多国家的人是喝的。
He finished writing the book in one year when we thought it would take him at least two years to do that. 他一年就把书写出来了，而我们原来以为至少要两年。
这种对比，有时还暗示主句行为的不合理：
How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies ? 你自己还撒谎，怎可能要求你的孩子诚实呢？
How can I sit here doing nothing when my wife is working hard ? 妻子在工作，我怎能在这里无所事事？
5）表示让步，相当于although:
She stopping trying, when she might have succeeded next time. 她不再试下去了，尽管再试一次，她本来会成功的。
They sometimes expect gratitude when they are not entitled to it . 他们虽然没有接受感谢的资格，有时候却期待着别人的感谢。
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/5fdc6f74a2116c175f0e7cd184254b35effd1a51.html
2023-11-24
