动名词是一种非谓语动词形式

2024-04-06 11:32:30   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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动名词,谓语,动词,形式
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing。形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。 动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一、 作主语 1动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事

情。例如: Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 2动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is ""There is "两种句式来表示。例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如: Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)

4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换: 是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.

5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替: Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 二、作表语

1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。如: My job is looking after the children. = Looking after


the children is my job. Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty. 以上两处是动名词作表语,可以和主语互换位置,不影响句子的基本含义。

2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如: The situation is encouraging.形势是值得鼓励的。 This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 以上三处是现在分词作表语,不可与主语互换位置。

3动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯; 不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较: My favorite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.

三、作宾语 1能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoidconsideradvisedislikeenjoyexcusefinishgive upcant helpkeep (on)(dont )mindmisspracticego onsuggest等。另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:beginforgethatelikeplanpreferrememberstart trystopneedcant afford等。(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如: I enjoy working with you. After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? (2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如: I'm looking forward to your coming next time. Thank you for offering me so much help. He is fond of watching sports-games. (3) 下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态 Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。 This city


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