牛津大学

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牛津大学

作者：陈龙波

来源：《疯狂英语·新阅版》2018年第12期

The University of Oxford is a collegiate; （学院的） research university located in Oxford， England. It has no known date of foundation， but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096， making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the worlds second oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry Ⅱ banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes （争论） between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209， some academics fled north-east from the violence to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient universities are frequently jointly referred to as “Oxbridge”.

The university is made up of a variety of institutions， including 38 constituent（构成的）colleges and a full range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university， each controlling its own membership and with its own internal （内部的） structure and activities. Being a city university， it does not have a main campus; instead， its buildings and facilities （设施） are scattered （分散） throughout the city centre. Most undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly

tutorials（教程） at the colleges and halls. Classes， lectures and laboratory work are provided by university faculties and departments.

The university operates the worlds oldest university museum， as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain. Oxford has educated many notable alumni （校友）， including 28 Nobel laureates （榮誉获得者）， 27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom， and many heads of state and government around the world. Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship， one of the worlds oldest and most prestigious （有威望的） international scholarships， which has brought graduate students to study at the university for more than a century.

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牛津大学是位于英国牛津的一所研究型大学。牛津大学的创立日期不详，但有证据表明，其教学可追溯到1096年，这使之成为英语世界里最古老的大学和世界上连续运行的第二所最古老的大学。从1167年亨利二世禁止英国学生去巴黎大学求学起，牛津大学迅速发展壮大。1209年，在学生和牛津居民之间发生纠纷后，一些学者逃离暴力冲突，前往东北方向的剑桥，在那里建立了后来成为剑桥大学的学校，这两所古老的大学常常被统称为“牛津剑桥”。


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牛津大学由许多学院组成，其中包括38所校属学院和分成4大部门的各类学术系所。所有学院都是大学内设的自主管理机构，每个机构管控自己的成员，并拥有自己的内部结构和活动。牛津大学作为一所城市大学没有主校区;与之相反，其建筑和设施分散在市中心。牛津的大多数本科教学是根据在学院和礼堂的每周教程来组织安排的。课程、讲座和实验室工作由大学教师和院系负责提供。

牛津大学拥有世界上最古老的大学博物馆，以及世界上最大的大学出版社和英国最大的高校图书馆系统。牛津培养了许多著名校友，其中包括28位诺贝尔奖获得者、27位英国首相，以及世界各地许多国家元首和政府首脑。牛津是罗德奖学金的所在地，罗德奖学金是世界上最古老和最有声望的国际奖学金之一，一个多世纪以来供研究生在牛津大学进行学习深造。

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