2017-2018学年高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(55) Word版含解析

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2017-2018学年高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（55）

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.” Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational，because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research. Here's how he explains his views. 1)Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off we'll be. 2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food，clothing，fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.

3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassil-fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.

人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在《理性的乐观主义者》一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。

1．What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book? A．Weakness of human nature.

B．Concern about climate change.

C．Importance of practical thinking. D．Optimism about human progress.

答案：D。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows...”；另外，“this is what he's set out to prove...”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。 2．How does Ridley look at shopping? A．It encourages the creation of things. C．It demands more fossil fuels.

B．It results in shortage of goods. D．It causes a poverty problem.

答案：A。细节判断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项A与之相吻合。

3．The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________. A．oil lamps give off more light than candles B．shortening working time brings about a happier life C．advanced technology helps to produce better candles D．increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

答案：D。细节判断题。根据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是一致的。

4．What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A．Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost. B．Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous. C．People's health is closely related to climate change. D．Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

答案：B。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项A与C的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting... around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority (优先) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/interest may have other choices.