如何写实验报告英文版

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Writing an Experiment ReportWriting an experiment report is a very stylized genre of writing. It should be as efficiently written as possible and

should provide each item of information just where readers will expect it to be. Nothing redundant. The paper should contain 6 sections: a short Abstract, an Introduction, Methods (Process) , Results (Data) , Discussion and

Conclusions. The Bibliography, Tables, Figures and typically come at the end (though the Tables and Figures can also be inserted within the text).

ABSTRACT:

Always include an abstract for ANY paper (in my opinion). Write it as one paragraph, about 200 words or less. This is a concise summary of the entire experiment. Include the rationale, method, results, and significance in highly abbreviated form (but using full sentences). Look at some published journal abstracts or Society Meeting abstracts to get the idea of how to write one. INTRODUCTION:

Give background rationale for the experiment. Why were you motivated to do this experiment? Or more accurately, given what you actually found, why MIGHT you have wanted to do this experiment? Your report, in other words, should not be biographical or historical. Experiments are often exploratory; we often are not testing a specific hypothesis. And, in any case, readers really don't care what you THOUGHT you might find but did not. The paper should tell a story about what the data actually show. Summarize results of earlier research that are necessary to account for the conduct of the experiment (as relevant to the interesting aspects of your results) and help the reader to able to have some expectations about what the experiment will show (whether right or wrong).

Pay attention to your use of verb tenses in the text. It is easy (but confusing to readers) to slip back and forth between The subject read the words at two speaking rates5 and later We measure the duration of the vowels by ,・・♦’ Avoid this.

The last paragraph before the Methods should sketch in readable style the


basic logic of the experimental design to come. Eg, “Thus, in the following experiment, Ss were asked to read words with both voicing values in position X at two speaking rates in order to see whether rate has an effect on the ratio of the vowel duration to consonant duration. We expected to find no difference in ratio due to speaking rate. (Or whatever.)METHODS:

There are 3 logical parts to the methods: the Independent Variables (input variables, the things you controlled: place of article, word length, speaking rate, etc or whatever), the Task performed by the subjects, and the Dependent Variables. You have a task (eg, reading these phrases in a some way) for which certain values of the IVs are set (eg, +/_voice, +/- front, final stops at two speaking rates, etc.). Then you measure the DVs (eg, vowel durations, FO contours, whatever). Finally you look for ways in which the DVs are structured by (influenced by) the IVs. This section should be tight and business-like in style.

Of course, you need to tell your readers about at least the following: • characteristics of your subjects (sex, native language, age range, etc.; and the instructions you gave them),how the recordings were made, including major equipment items,

• analysis of the recordings; the measurement procedures; the software employed. Describe any special problems in measurement that arose and your solution to them,describe the statistics you performed, if any. RESULTS:

Systematically go through the relevant aspects of your data. Present tables and graphs of the DVs. The organization of these paragraphs will probably be in terms of the IVs. For example, “The change in value of IV affects both DVI and DV2,〃.)Describe the important features of the data in the text. Lead the reader through the tables and figures (eg, 〃As can be seen in the left side of Figure 1,・・・〃)・ Devise data presentation techniques that make the real meaning of the data as clear as possible. Be sure to label graphs and figures clearly. Organization of paragraphs wou1d normally be in terms of the independent variables. DISCUSSION:

1) Organization of paragraphs (subsections) may often be in terms of independent variables (i. e. the factors varied in the experimental design). 2) Compare your results to previous similar experiments. To what extent do your results resemble those found before?

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