动词的三单及不规则变化

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附表1：动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则：

一般情况

以-s,-sh,-ch,-o, -x结尾

以辅音字母加y结尾

变y为i再加-es

双写后再加ing



去e再加ing 只加d

变y为i再加-ed 双写后再加ed

动词第三人称单数 -s -es

-ing

-ed

现在分词

过去式及过去分词

以重读闭音节结尾，末 尾只有一个辅音字母 以字母e结尾



附表2：动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则： 巧记ABB型: 原形特征 - eep -ell -end -ay -n -ing,… -each 巧记ABC型: 原形特征 -eak -eal -ear -ow -i- -i-

过去式 -oke -ole -ore -ew -a- -o-

过去分词 -oken -olen -orn -own -u- -n

例 词 break, speak steal

wear, bear, tear grow, blow, know, throw sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin

drive, rise, ride, write

巧记AAA型:击中、 受伤、 让、 吐痰、去掉、 花费、 读、 放、 砍 hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut

过去式 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought -aught

过去分词 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought --aught

例 词 keep, sweep, sleep sell, tell lend, spend, send say, pay

burn, learn, mean bring, buy, fight, think catch, teach




附表3：常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 短暂性动相应的持续词 borrow buy open get married fall asleep

go to bed be in bed come here

go there be there start/ begin join

be in

have been in

be on

have been there have been on

finish/ end leave sp

be away from sp

have been away from sp

be over

have been over

go out

be out

have been out

be here be asleep 性 动词 keep have be open

have kept have had

catch a cold die fall ill return

be dead be closed be ill be back

have been dead have been closed have been ill have been back have been in sp. have been

have been open close married have been asleep have been in bed

go/come to be in sp. sp

be

完成时态中的形式

短暂性动词 相应的持续

性 动词

have a cold have had a cold

完成时态中的形式

be married have been

have been here become

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