政治词汇

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政治词汇（军事）

国人民代表大会 （简称 全国人大） National People's Congress (NPC) 全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium

全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee

全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 九届全国人大五次会议 the Fifth Session of the Ninth NPC 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 （简称 全国政协）

National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC

小组讨论panel discussions/group discussions 政府工作报告government's work report

宪法修正案amendments to the Constitution 新闻发布会press conference 全体会议plenary meeting

弱势群体 disadvantaged groups (对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。

--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.) 西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring

购买力 purchasing power 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees 特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits

试点项目 pilot project 医疗改革 health care reform

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural workers 年度国家预算annual State budge 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption

生计问题 bread and butter issue 乡镇企业 township enterprises 生态建筑 ecological construction

中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee

政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员 Member, Central Committee 候补委员 Alternate Member

省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group

中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress 秘书长 Secretary-General

主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member （地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress

人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress 国务院总理 Premier, State Council


国务委员 State Councilor 秘书长 Secretary-General （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for

（国务院各部）部长 Minister 部长助理 Assistant Minister

香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 发言人 Spokesman 顾问 Advisor

参事 Counselor 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor 特派员 Commissioner

中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC

中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC 中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC

中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC 中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC

中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC 中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC

中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC 中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC

中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC 中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC

中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC 中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC 中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC

中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC 中央党校Party School of the CPC

中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC 中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC 中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC

中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration 中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC 《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》

The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC

中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee 专门委员会Special Committee

提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals 经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs

人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment 教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports 社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs 民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs 文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data

港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese


外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs

中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees 中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)

中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League

中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy 中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party 九三学社Jiu San Society

台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic Self Government League

高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想

hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of "Three Represents"

坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神

adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.

两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）

the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.

全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程

forge ahead with the new great project of Party building

三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气

three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)

有中国特色的社会主义民主政治

socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics

邓小平理论 Deng Xiaoping Theory与时俱进 advance with the times 综合国力 overall national strength

三峡工程Three-Gorges Project三峡移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 电视会议televised meeting常务委员Standing Committee member 下岗职工 laid-off workers再就业 re-employment

再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers隐形就业 hidden employment 国有企业改革Reform of state- owned enterprises 医保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 政府机构改革Reform of government institutions 现代远程教育modern distance education

西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region 青藏铁路Qinghai-Tibet Railway


农村电网改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 退耕还林、还草工程Grain for Green Project

增收节支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 立法机关 LEGISLATURE

中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress 政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION

自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government 外交官衔 DIPLOMATIC RANK 公使 Minister 参赞 Counselor

政务参赞 Political Counselor 商务参赞 Commercial Counselor 经济参赞 Economic Counselor

新闻文化参赞 Press and Cultural Counselor 公使衔参赞 Minister-Counselor 商务专员 Commercial Attaché 经济专员 Economic Attaché 文化专员 Cultural Attaché 商务代表 Trade Representative 一等秘书 First Secretary 武官 Military Attaché 专员/随员 Attaché

社会团体 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 会长 President 主席 Chairman

名誉顾问 Honorary Adviser 理事长 President

理事 Trustee/Council Member 总干事 Director-General 总监 Director

reform and opening up and in the modernization drive改革开放和社会主义现代化建设

Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值 financial strength grew noticeably财力明显增强 total government revenue全国财政收入 total import and export volume进出口总额 urban per capita disposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入 rural per capita net income农民人均纯收入

grew in real terms实际增长 first manned space flight首次载人航天飞行 overall national strength综合国力

mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak 在全国范围内实行群防群控

primary-level organizations基层组织 prevention and treatment work预防救治工作 anti-SARS campaign抗击非典斗争 expand domestic demand扩大内需

a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策 macro-control宏观调控


rectify and standardize the order of the land market整顿和规范土地市场秩序 stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland制止乱征滥占耕地

deposit-reserve ratio存款准备金率 an appropriate amount of fine-tuning适度微调 agriculture, rural areas and farmers"三农" major grain producing areas粮食主产区 important raw and processed materials重要原材料

strategic restructuring of the economy经济结构战略性调整

the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River三峡水利枢纽二期工程

south-to-north water diversion project南水北调工程 social undertakings社会事业

treasury bonds国债 national public health system全国公共卫生体系 public health infrastructure公共卫生设施 pilot projects试点项目

medical care system and medical assistance system医疗制度和医疗合作制度

central budget中央财政预算 modern distance education现代远程教育 strategically important hi-tech research战略高技术研究

industrial application of new and high technologies高新技术产业化

a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划

feasibility studies可行性研究 family planning work计划生育工作 land and resources administration国土资源管理 social security work社会保障工作 vital interests切身利益

employment and reemployment就业再就业 college expansion plan高校扩招计划

regular institutions of higher learning普通高校

"two guarantees" (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)

"两个确保"（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）

"three-stage guarantee" for laid-off workers

"三条保障线"（国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）

subsistence allowances for the urban poor城市居民最低生活保障 special funds专项资金

disabled revolutionary servicemen革命伤残军人 post-disaster reconstruction灾后重建

the problem of wage arrears for migrant rural workers拖欠农民工工资问题 institutional innovation体制创新 state assets国有资产

a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector 银行业监管体系 administrative examination and approval system行政审批制度

Fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock companies. 国有企业股份制改革继续推进。 civil aviation民航

economic returns经济效益


state-owned industrial enterprises and enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state 国有及国有控股工业企业

state-owned commercial banks国有商业银行

the system for examining and verifying the issuance of securities证券发行审核制度 rural credit cooperatives农村信用社

the experimental reform of rural taxes and administrative charges农村税费改革试点 the non- public sectors of the economy非公有制经济 counterfeit and substandard goods假冒伪劣商品

protect the legitimate rights and interests of both consumers and producers 维护消费者和生产者合法权益 export tax rebates出口退税

anti-dumping investigations反倾销调查 settle trade disputes解决贸易争端

foreign direct investment外商直接投资

state foreign exchange reserves国家外汇储备

Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement更紧密经贸关系的安排 administrative regulations行政法规

handling of indigent migrants收容遣送工作 supporting measures配套措施

socialist political civilization社会主义政治文明spiritual civilization精神文明 income gap收入差距

haphazard investment盲目投资

illegal appropriation of farmland违法占用土地

low-income residents in both town and country城乡低收入居民

a subjective, formalistic and bureaucratic style of work主观主义、形式主义和官僚主义作风

"five balanced aspects" (balancing urban and rural development,balancing development among regions, balancing economic and social development, balancing development of man and nature, and balancing domestic development and opening wider to the "五个统筹

promote all-round, balanced and sustainable development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展

macroeconomic policies宏观经济政策 construction treasury bonds建设国债 government investment mechanism政府投资机制

increase revenue and reduce expenditure增收节支 fixed assets固定资产 information release system for industries行业信息发布制度

market admittance市场准入 tertiary industry第三产业 power generating facilities and power grids电源电网

construction of major transport trunk lines and hubs重大交通运输干线与枢纽工程

purchasing power购买力 regulation of income distribution收入分配调节 consumption patterns消费结构 consumer expectations消费期望

immediate consumption即期消费 overall grain production capability粮食综合生产能力 system for land expropriation and requisition土地征收征用制度

animal husbandry畜牧业 expand intra-county economies壮大县域经济


carry out the process of urbanization推进城镇化

grain risk fund粮食风险基金 relief subsidies扶贫基金

compulsory education义务教育 primary-level cultural undertakings基层文化建设 competitive industries优势产业

levels of industrialization and urbanization工业化和城镇化水平 old revolutionary base areas革命老区

the strategy of invigorating China through science and education科教兴国战略 economy oriented to the global market外向型经济 optimize the education structure优化教育结构

vocational education and continuing education职业教育和继续教育

non-government funded education民办教育 patriotic sanitation campaign爱国卫生运动 an advanced socialist culture社会主义先进文化 non-profit cultural undertakings公益性文化事业

extensive mass fitness programs全民健身运动 competitive sports竞技体育 China - UK joint statement 中英联合声明

The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, H.E. Wen Jiabao and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Rt Hon Tony Blair MP, held talks in London on 10 May 2004 during Premier Wen Jiabao's official visit to the UK. 中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝阁下于2004年5月10日正式访问英国期间，与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国首相托尼•布莱尔阁下在伦敦举行会晤。

Premier Wen Jiabao and Prime Minister Tony Blair today welcome the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and the UK, and pledge to work together to develop this partnership to benefit our countries and to help create a safer, more prosperous and open world.

温家宝总理和托尼•布莱尔首相今天对中英建立全面战略伙伴关系表示欢迎。双方承诺共同致力于发展这一伙伴关系，使其造福于两国，并推动建立一个更加安全、繁荣和开放的世界。

We share a common interest in Britain and China working together on bilateral, multilateral and global issues. We see the relationship between our two countries as among our top international priorities. 中英在双边、多边和全球问题上开展合作符合双方利益。我们均把两国关系视为各自对外关系的重点之一。

China's sustained economic growth and development, and increasing role as a global economic power has enabled the partnership to grow significantly in stature in recent years. Links flourish in a huge number of areas, from environment to education, development to science and technology. 中国经济的持续增长和发展，及其日益上升的全球经济大国地位，使中英伙伴关系近年取得了长足发展。双方在环境、教育、发展、科技等众多领域的关系蓬勃发展。

We agree that co-operation between China and the UK has increased significantly since our last meeting in July 2003. We look forward to continuing high level dialogue at the China-EU Summits in 2004 and 2005, the latter in Beijing under the UK Presidency of the EU, and also at the summits between us that we have now agreed will take place annually.


我们一致认为，自从我们2003年7月会晤以来，中英合作取得了重要进展。英国将于2005年担任欧盟轮值主席国。我们期待在2004年和2005年中国━欧盟领导人年度会晤以及我们业已同意建立的两国政府领导人年度会晤期间，继续这种高层对话。

The breadth and depth of China-UK relations are illustrated by the Task Forces' proposals and increasing co-operation on a growing number of shared issues of international concern including environmental management and protection, energy, non-proliferation, counter-terrorism and tackling organised crime.

双方小组的建议，以及两国在包括环境治理和保护、能源、防扩散、反恐、打击有组织犯罪等一系列国际问题上日益增强的合作，体现了中英关系的广度和深度。

We agree to strengthen our countries' bilateral and multilateral co-operation as follows: 我们同意加强两国在以下双边和多边领域的合作：

1. To consolidate and strengthen the bilateral relationship: 一、巩固和加强双边关系。

(i) We agree to increase the exchange of high-level visits. Government leaders and foreign ministers of the two countries will exchange visits annually to reinforce and extend bilateral political co-operation in fields such as strategic security and non-proliferation.

（一）我们同意增加高层互访。两国政府领导人和外长将进行年度互访，以加强并扩大双方在战略安全、防扩散等领域的双边政治合作。

(ii) We agree to intensify co-operation in broad areas of trade and investment, which we will promote through the Joint Economic and Trade Commission, in line with the recommendations of the Task Forces which are set out in the Annex. （二）两国同意根据双边关系互动小组的有关建议，通过经贸联委会加强在贸易和投资领域的广泛合作。

(iii) The two sides will also increase co-operation in the areas of science, technology, education, culture and environmental protection in line with the Task Forces' proposals. They signed a number of memoranda of understanding during this visit to take forward aspects of this co-operation.

（三）双方还将根据双边关系互动小组的建议，加强在科学、技术、教育、文化和环保领域的合作。在温总理访问期间，双方签署了一系列谅解备忘录，以推动上述各领域的合作。

(iv)We note the important role that the China-UK Forum has played in bilateral relations and invite the Forum to consider its future role, in particular in the areas of industry, financial services, science, technology and the environment, in light of the proposals made by the two Task Forces.

（四）我们注意到“中英论坛”在双边关系中发挥的重要作用。建议“论坛”参照双边关系互动小组的建议，就今后它在工业、金融服务、科学技术和环境领域应发挥的作用进行研究。

We had a friendly and open exchange of views on issues relating to Hong Kong. We reaffirmed our two Governments' commitments to the implementation of the Joint Declaration and agreed that it is


in the interests of both sides to maintain and promote Hong Kong's prosperity and stability in accordance with the "one country, two systems" principle and the Basic Law. We agreed to continue our exchange of views on these issues.

我们就有关香港的问题友好、坦诚地交换了意见。我们重申两国政府共同致力于贯彻《中英关于香港问题的联合声明》，认为按照“一国两制”原则和基本法维护和促进香港的繁荣与稳定符合双方的利益。我们同意继续就这些问题交换意见。

The UK reaffirms its consistent position on the question of Taiwan as set out in the China/UK Joint Communiqué of 1972, in which the UK acknowledged the Chinese position that Taiwan is a province of the People's Republic of China and recognised the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China.

英国重申1972年中英互换大使联合公报中关于台湾问题的一贯立场，即：承认中国政府关于台湾是中国一个省的立场，承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。

We place a high value on the bilateral human rights dialogue and will continue this exchange on the basis of equality and mutual respect. Both sides share a belief that all states should respect and protect human rights. The UK side welcomes the recent addition of respect and protection for human rights to the Chinese Constitution. The next round of the dialogue will take place in May 2004 and provides a genuine opportunity for concrete co-operation between our two countries. 我们高度重视中英人权对话，将继续在平等和相互尊重的基础上开展这一交流。双方一致认为，所有国家都应尊重和保护人权。英方欢迎中方最近将尊重和保护人权写入宪法。下一轮中英人权对话将于2004年5月举行，这将为两国开展人权领域的具体合作提供良机。

2. To consolidate and strengthen co-operation in multilateral fora on issues of mutual and international concern.

二、巩固和加强两国在多边机制内就双方和国际关注的问题开展的合作。

Our countries will increase co-ordination in the UN to promote

reforms in the UN to meet the challenges of the 21st century and to ensure greater respect for the UN Charter and international law. The two sides are committed to expanding co-operation within ] the framework of UN peacekeeping. China would like to

strengthen consultations with the UK, including on the Middle East and Iraq.

两国将加强在联合国的协调，推动联合国改革，使其能够应对21世纪的挑战，并确保《联合国宪章》和国际法进一步得到尊重。双方将扩大在联合国维和框架内的合作。中国愿与英国就中东和伊拉克等问题加强磋商。

We reiterate our determination to combat terrorism. Our governments will launch a China-UK anti-terrorism dialogue and intensify exchanges and co-operation in this area. 我们重申打击恐怖主义的决心。两国政府将启动中英反恐对话机制，加强在反恐领域的交流与合作。

We reiterate our determination to promote non-proliferation. The UK welcomes China's commitment to non-proliferation and the actions it has taken to that end, and in particular welcomes thesteps


taken by China to strengthen its relationships with the non-proliferation export control regimes. China appreciates the efforts of the UK in promoting the resolution of the implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran within the framework of IAEA, and in persuading Libya to abandon WMD programmes. TheUK also welcomes China's leading role in the Six Party Talks onthe nuclear issues on the Korean peninsular. The two sides will intensify exchanges and co-operation in security, arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation areas. 我们重申在推动防扩散问题上的决心。英国欢迎中国在防扩散问题上所做的承诺和为此采取的行动，特别欢迎中国为加强与防扩散出口控制机制的关系所采取的措施。中国赞赏英国在国际原子能机构框架内为推动伊朗执行《不扩散核武器条约》保障监督协议、以及说服利比亚放弃大规模杀伤性武器计划所做的努力。英国欢迎中国在朝鲜半岛核问题六方会谈中发挥的领导作用。双方将加强在安全、军控、裁军和防扩散领域的交流与合作。

We reaffirmed our commitments to work together to combat illegal immigration. The two Governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Facilitation of Legitimate Travel and Co-operation to Combat Illegal Immigration. 我们重申将合作打击非法移民。两国政府签署了《关于便利人员合法往来和打击非法移民活动谅解备忘录》。

The two sides also endorse closer police co-operation. They agree, in accordance with international legal instruments such as the UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime, to enhance information exchange and law enforcement co-operation and work closely to crack down upon transnational crime.

双方决定密切警务合作，同意根据《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》等国际法律文书，加强信息交流和执法合作，共同合作打击跨国犯罪。

Both sides speak highly of the positive achievements of the ASEM in promoting equal partnership between Asia and Europe, and express their readiness to further strengthen co-operation in the ASEM.

双方高度评价亚欧会议在促进亚欧平等伙伴关系方面取得的积极成就，表示愿进一步加强在亚欧会议上的合作。

3. China and the UK pledge to enhance co-operation on development.

三、中英两国承诺增进在国际经济问题上的合作，促进可持续发展。

The two sides will work together for the attainment of the UN Millennium Development Goals: the elimination of poverty, hunger, disease, environmental degradation, illiteracy, discrimination against women, and delivering the commitments made at the World Summit on Sustainable Development at all levels, inter alia, through the Commission for Sustainable Development(CSD).

双方将共同努力实现“联合国千年发展目标”，包括消除贫困、饥饿、疾病、环境恶化、文盲和歧视妇女。通过可持续发展委员会，在各层次实现联合国可持续发展世界首脑会议所做的承诺。

Both sides are committed to international trade liberalisation and they will continue to advance the Doha Development Agenda negotiations. Both sides agree that realisation of the development objectives is of fundamental importance for the success of the round. They agree that it is in the


interests of all WTO members to reach a balanced conclusion of the Doha round as soon as possible, and that they will work towards reaching a framework agreement in 2004. The UK and China agree to maintain their dialogue on this.

双方都致力于国际贸易自由化，将继续推动多哈发展议程的谈判。双方一致认为，能否实现发展目标是“多哈回合”谈判成功与否的关键。双方同意，“多哈回合”早日结束并取得均衡结果符合世界贸易组织所有成员的利益。双方将努力争取谈判在２００４年达成框架协议。中英同意就此保持对话。

Both sides recognise the importance of effective protection of Intellectual Property Rights and the vital role that protection of IPRs plays in fostering foreign investment and creating a positive business environment. Both sides agree to enhance mutual co-operation on protection of IPRs. China will comply with its commitments under relevant international IPR conventions or agreements it has entered and protect the interests of IPR holders according to its domestic laws. 双方都认识到有效保护知识产权的重要性，以及保护知识产权在促进外国投资和营造良好商业环境方面的重要作用。双方同意在保护知识产权方面加强双边合作。中国将遵守加入的国际知识产权公约或协议的承诺，并根据有关国内法保护知识产权所有者的权益。

China and the UK reiterate their support for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and urge parties that have not yet done so to ratify the Kyoto Protocol as soon as possible. The two sides also urge all countries to make the most efficient use of energy resources that they can, and call on all Annex 1 countries to lead the way by making concerted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions so as to move towards the goals defined by the convention. 中英重申支持《联合国气候变化框架公约》，敦促尚未批准《京都议定书》的各方尽早批准该议定书。双方同时敦促所有国家最有效地利用能源，呼吁所有签署公约附件一的国家带头采取一致行动，减少温室气体的排放，实现该公约制定的目标。

China and the UK recognise the importance of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development which emphasises the importance of access to information; public participation in decision-making; and access to justice in environmental matters.

中英认识到《里约环境和发展宣言》原则十所强调的各项规定的重要性，如：信息公开、公众参与决策和环境问题司法公正。

The two sides also agree to share scientific and economic experience to take forward the China's and UK's efforts to achieve a low carbon economy and sustainable development, and to accelerate and develop the global market for climate friendly technologies, including through the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership. 双方同意分享科学和经济方面的经验，以利于双方共同努力实现低碳经济和可持续发展，通过“可再生能源和有效利用能源伙伴关系”等，加速开发对气候有益技术的全球市场。

The two sides reaffirm their wish to strengthen exchanges on environmental issues including climate change, sustainable management of natural resources, and measures to address forest law enforcement(including illegal logging), conservation of water resources, improving air quality and pollution control, and to learn from each other on environment-related legislation, supervision and personnel training.


双方重申愿意就包括气候变化、自然资源可持续管理、森林执法（制止非法采伐）、水资源保护、空气质量改善和污染控制等环境问题所采取的措施加强交流，在环境立法、监督和人员培训方面互相学习。

Both sides will work together to help developing countries in addressing poverty and other development-related problems so as to better manage challenges posed by globalization. The two sides place particular emphasis on peace and security, the fight against HIV/AIDS and sustainable development in Africa and give their full support to African countries in their efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals.

双方将共同努力帮助发展中国家解决贫困和其他与发展有关的问题，更好地应对全球化带来的挑战。双方特别强调和平与安全以及非洲防治艾滋病和实现可持续发展问题，并将尽全力支持非洲国家为实现“千年发展目标”所做的努力。 安排城市新增劳动力就业

按比例 On pro rata basis; in proportion to 按净产值计算的工业全员劳动率

The productivity of the entire workforce in industrial enterprise, calculated on the basis of net output value

按劳分配制度

Distribution according to work; the principle of "to each according to his work" 肮脏工业（污染环境的工业，赌傅业等） "sin" industry 把按劳分配和按生产要素分配结合起来

To combine remuneration according to work with remuneration according to factors of production 把二者割裂，对立起来 Separating the two and then setting them against each other 把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统一起来

Give full consideration to the intensity of reform, pace of development and people's ability to sustain them

把各方面的积极性引导好，保护好，发挥好 To guide, protect and tap the initiative of all quarters of society properly

把企业推向市场 To expose enterprises to market; increase the responsiveness of enterprises to market forces

把握正确的舆论导向 To properly guide the public opinion

把眼光放远一些 To subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones; to be farsighted; have abroad view

把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处 To get the set principles, policies and measures implemented

百花齐放、百家争呜 Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 摆脱思想上和体制上的禁锢 To shake off ideological and structural shackles

摆脱债务问题 Extricate oneself from debt problems; free oneself from debt problems 拜金主义 Money worship 版权收入 Royalties 保持X％的中速增长 To keep the growth rate at a moderate x% 保持发展后劲 To sustain development

保持国民经济持续快速健康发展 To maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy


保持农业稳步发展 To maintain steady development of agriculture 保持社会公正 To maintain social justice

保护残疾人利益 To protect the interests of the disabled 保护价 The protective price 保护生态环境 To preserver the ecological environment

保垒最容易从内部攻破 The easiest way to capture a fortress is from within. 保证安全度汛 Ensure safety in the high water season

保证基本路线和方针政策的连续性和稳定性 To ensure the continuity and stability of our basic line, principles and policies

保证政令畅通 To see to it that government decrees and directives are truly carried out 保证重点物资的运输 To ensure the timely transport of key goods and materials

保证重点在建工程的按期投产 To spare no effort to complete the key projects under construction as scheduled

报请下届人大确认 To refer to the next session of the National People's Congress for confirmation 比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制； A more or less mature socialist market economy/ a rather full fledged socialist market economy

必：有法～依，执法～严，违法～究 Once a law is put into force, it must be observed and strictly enforced and violators must be brought to justice.

毕业生分配制度 Job assignment system for graduates

壁垒：地区~ Regional barriers 壁垒：非关税~ Non-tariff barriers 辩护制度 System of defence 表层问题 Superficial problems

表决议案 To vote on the bills 表面上证据确凿的案件 Prima facie case 拨改贷 Government appropriations being replaced by loans 拨乱反正 To set thing right; to restore things to order 补：消费物价~贴 Consumer subsidies

补选和补充任命决定 By-elections and supplementary decisions on appointments 不：社会经济发展的~确定因素 Factors that make economic and social development unpredictable; uncertainties in socio-economic development

不低于原来的标准 On terms no less favorable that before 不够明确的产权 Vague concept of ownership 步子迈得更大一些 To take a bolder approach

部门和行业不正之风 Unsound practice in departments and trades 部优 Ministry-recognized/quality goods

裁减冗员 To cut down on overstaffing; to lay off the redundants

参政议政 Participation in and deliberation of state affairs; to participate in the policy making process

参政议政意识 The awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs

中华人民共和国残疾人保障法 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Disabled

政府层次繁多 Administrations with multi tiered government departments 差额选举 Competitive election; multicandidate election 产权清晰，权责明确，政企分开，管理科学 Clearly defined ownership and power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management 产业结构 Industrial structure


产业结构的存量调整 To readjust the existing elements of the industrial pattern (setup or structure) 产业结构趋同 Similar industrial structure

产业结构失调 Imbalance in the industrial structure

产业结构有长有短，产品结构有多有少 There are both advantages and weaknesses in the industrial structure and overstock and shortage in terms of product mix.

产业结构重组和升级 Reorganization and upgrading of the industrial structure 长江抗洪形势 Flood control on the Yangtze River

长征二号大推力捆绑式火箭 The Long March-2E heavy thrust cluster carrier rocket 常规裁军 Conventional disarmament

厂长负责制 System under which the factory director assumes full responsibility

厂长任期目标责任制 System under which the factory director is held responsible for attaining given objectives during his or her tenure 倡导 To initiate; advocate; call for

超标排放污染物 To discharge excessive pollutants 超负荷运转 Overloaded operation 超前消费 Deficit (or excessive) spending; unduly high levels of spending; over-consumption 超前消费的产品 Consumer goods which arrive before their time 超越（初级阶段） Overstep/jump over (the primary stage)

超越法律的特权 The privilege to overstep law/ extra-legal privileges 撒消职务 To dismiss one from office; to be stripped of 陈旧的经营方式 Managerial stereotypes 成套设备 Complete sets of equipment

人民得到了更多的实惠 the people have received more tangible benefits 大会的主题 the theme of the Congress

不断完社会主义市场经济体制 keep improving the socialist market economy 不断推进理论创新 constantly bring forth theoretical innovation 中华民族传统美德 the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation 中华民族的凝聚力 the cohesion of the Chinese nation

中国共产党党章 the Constitution of the Communist Party of China 反对一切形势的恐怖主义 fight against terrorism of all forms 反对和防止腐败 combat and prevent corruption

反对迷信和伪科学 oppose superstition and pseudo-science 开拓创新 blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit 开放要有新局面 break new ground in opening up 无记名投票 cast secret ballots

世界多极化和经济全球化 world multi polarization and economic globalization 以经济发展为中心 with economic development as the central task 加快推进社会主义现代化 speed up socialist modernization

加强和改善党的领导 strengthen and improve the party's leadership 加强思想道德建设 promote ideological and ethical and ethical progress 发展社会主义民主 develop socialist democracy

发展要有新思路 come up with new ideas for development 充分调动一切积极因素 bring all positive factors into full play 全会 plenary session, plenum

全面建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面 build a well-off society in an all-round


way and create a new situation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics 各项工作要有新举措 take new moves in all fields of endeavor 团结一切可以团结的力量 unite with all forces that can be united

巩固和发展公有制经济 consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy 行动纲领 program of action

坚持四项基本原则 adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles 坚持党的群众路线 stick to the party's mass line

完善社会保障制度 improve the social security system

彻底查处，严惩不贷 be thoroughly investigated and dealt with without leniency 改革分配制度 reform the distribution system

改革要有新突破 make new breakthroughs in reform

走中国特色的精兵之路 take the road of fewer but better troops with Chinese characteristics

依法治国和以德治国相结合 govern the country by combining the rule of law with the rule of virtue

物质文明和精神文明两手抓 attach equal importance to both material and spiritual civilization 城市居民最低生活保障制度 the system of subsistence allowances for urban residents

将人民的利益作为一切工作的出发点和目标 take the people's interests as the starting point and goal of all work

政治宣言 political declaration

标本兼治 address both the symptoms and root causes of...

独立自主的和平外交政策 the independent foreign policy of peace 党内民主 inner-party democracy

党对军队的绝对领导 the party's absolute leadership over the army

党的思想、组织作风建设 build up the party ideologically, organizationally and in work style 党的集体智慧的结晶 the crystallization of the party's collective wisdom

捍卫国家主权和领土完整 safeguard state sovereignty and territorial integrity 推进党的建设新的伟大工程 promote the new great project of party building 清正廉洁 be honest and upright

第三步战略部署 the third step of the strategic plan

维护世界和平与促进共同发展 safeguard world peace and promote common development

鼓励、支持和指导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the non-public sector of the economy

稳定压倒一切的方针 stability is a principle of overriding importance

human shields 人体盾牌 air raid siren 空袭报警 aircraft carrier 航空母舰 ambush 伏击

anthrax 炭疽 anti-war demonstration 反战游行示威 Arab league 阿拉伯联盟（阿盟） artillery barrage 炮火网 Baghdad 巴格达 Basra 巴士啦 call for an early end to the war 呼吁早日结束战争 casualties 伤亡

cavalry division 装甲师 chemical and biological weapons 生化武器

cluster bombs 集束炸弹 coalition force 联军

deadly virus 致命病毒 demilitarized zone 非军事区 Euphrates River 幼发拉底河 Geneva Convention 日内瓦公约


global positioning satellite 全球卫星定位 humanitarian aid 人道主义援助 infantry division 机步师 Iraq civilians 伊拉克平民 Kurdish Democratic Party 库尔德民主党 Kurds 库尔德人

laser-guided bomb 激光制导炸弹 Medina Division “麦地那”师 missile attack 导弹袭击 mortar 迫击炮 mosul 摩苏尔 Najaf 纳杰夫

nasiriyah 纳西里耶 oil-for-food-program 石油换食品计划 open a northern front 开辟一条北方战线 paratrooper 伞兵

Patriot missile “爱国者”导弹 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 库尔德斯坦爱国联盟

Persian Gulf 波斯湾 precision-guided bomb 精确制导炸弹 preemptive strategy 先发制人战略 prison of war(POW) 战俘 reinforcements 增援部队

reject the use or threat of force in international affairs 反对在国际事务中使用武力或以武力相威胁

respect for Iraq's sovereignty and territorial integrity 尊重伊拉克的主权和领土完整

Saddam Hussein 萨达姆.侯赛因 Samoud missile “萨默德”导弹 satllite-guided bomb 卫星制导炸弹 Scud missile “飞毛腿”导弹 settle international disputes by political means 用政治手段解决国际争端

Shiite Muslim 穆斯林什叶教徒 Special Republican Guard 特别共和国卫队 spy satellite 间谍卫星 stealth fighter 隐型战斗机

suicide attack 自杀性攻击 Sunni Muslim 穆斯林逊尼派教徒 supply problem 补给问题

surface-to-air-missile 地对空导弹 tanks and armored vehicles 坦克和装甲车辆 Tomahawk cruise missile “战斧”航导弹 ultimatum 最后通牒 UN Secretary-general Kofi Annan 联合国秘书长科菲.安南 UN security Council resolutions 联合国安理会决议 UN weapons inspector 联合国武器核查人员 US Central Command in Qatar 美国中央司令部

US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld 美国国防部长唐纳德.拉姆菲尔德 US Marine Expeditionary Unit 美国海军陆战队远征部队 weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤武器

foreign affairs外交事务 diplomatic immunities外交豁免 diplomatic privileges外交特权 diplomatic channels外交途径 diplomatic courier外交信使 diplomatic bag 外交邮袋 letter of credence/credentials国书

communique公报 announcement 公告

announcement通告 letter of introduction介绍书 memorandum/aide-memoire备忘录 statement声明

mutual recognition互相承认 during one's absence离任期间 declaration/manifesto宣言 letter of recall召回公文 note(外交)照会 formal note正式照会 verbal note普通照会 circular note通知照会

normalization正常化 present one's credentials递交国书


exchange ambassadors互派大使 resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系 establish consular relations建立领事关系 assume one's post就任 certificate of appointment委任证书 exequatur许可证

proceed to take up one's post赴任 express regret表示遗憾

object to提出异议 take up a matter with向…交涉; lodge a protest with向…提出抗议; request the consent of ...征求…的同意

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