【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《单词记忆》,欢迎阅读!
“怎样记单词”成为一个值得研究的题目。现将所知所用的记牢单词的十种方法分述如下,供同学们学习时参考。 一、符号、缩写归类法:
英语是一种拼音文字,但为了简便,也常用一些符号和缩写的形式来代表单词。 1. 符号:$ ( dollar ),¢( cent ),£( pound ),¥( Renminbi ),( pound in weight ),& ( and ),@ ( at ),% ( per cent ),‰( per mile ),§ ( selection 分节号),( paragraph, 段落号)等。 2. 缩写: Mr ( Mister ),A.M. ( a.m. )( in the morning ),B.C. ( BC )( Before Christ ),A.D. ( AD )( Anno Domini 公元。例如 A.D. 1949, 1949 A.D. ),PRC ( the People's Republic of China ),UN ( United Nations ),e.g. ( for example ),etc. ( etcetera 等等)等。 二、表示数字和次数的词和词组:
数字分整数、分数、小数;算式分加、减、乘、除等。
1. 表示整数、次数的词组:个( one ),十( ten ),百( hundred ),千( thousand ),万( ten thousand ),十万( one hundred thousand ),百万( million ),千万( ten million ),亿( one hundred million ),十亿(英 one thousand million ;美 billion ),百亿(英 ten thousand million ;美 ten billion );一次( once ),两次( twice ),三次( three times ),四次( four times );第一次( for the first time ),第二次( for the second time ),第三次( for the third time );上次( last time ),这次( this time ),下次( next time )等等。
2. 分数、小数: one half ( ),one quarter ( ),five-eighths ( ),two and two-fifths ( ),two point eight ( 2.8 ),zero point five ( 0.5 ),thirty-five point four two nine ( 35.429 ),thirty-nine percent ( 39% ),four per mille ( 4 ‰)等。 三、词义归类法:
将所学到的单词,按词义不同进行分类,这样提到一个,便联想到一串。例如有关动物的单词,可按飞禽、走兽、虫鱼等分类记忆。
1. 表示走兽的名词(按动物形体从大到小轻易记):dragon (龙),camel, elephant, cattle, donkey ( ass, 驴),lion, tiger, leopard (豹),wolf, deer, sheep, pig, monkey, ape (猿),bear, fox, rabbit, mouse ( mice ),ant 等。
2. 表示颜色的形容词(按颜色类型美灵英语从正色到变色轻易记):coloured (有色的),colourless, red, yellow ( golden ),blue, white ( silvery, snowy ),black ( dark ),green, orange, brown, grey ( gray ),pale ( bloodless ),pink (粉色的),rosy, purple (紫色的)等。 3. 表示动作的动词(按动作力度从大到小轻易记): beat, strike, drag (拖),push, pull, grasp (抓),kick, trample (踩),knock, dig, hoe (松土),saw (锯),pour, pick, tear, shake, wipe, sweep, dust (掸灰),tie, hang, press (按、压),shave (刮,剃),count (数),copy (抄写)等。
四、正、反义词归类法:
用正反对照的方法记单词,不仅轻易记,用时也比较利便。例如:
The boy never goes to school late . The boy always goes to school early . ( never 是 always 的反义词,late 是 early 的反义词)
The village is quiet and famous . The village is not noisy and unknown. ( quiet 是 noisy 的反义词,famous 是 unknown 的反义词) 五、同义词和近义词归类:
英语里有良多词性相同的同义词和近义词,它们在句中可以互换使用,但有些却不能互换,对于这一点,在归类记忆时应特别留意,不要弄错。例如: hope & wish, broad & wide, almost & nearly, family & house 等。 六、同音同形异义词归类:
英语中有很多词一词多义。如 have, make, take, get, go 等动词用在不同的场合,就可能有不同的词义。按照同音同形异义词进行归类,有利于记忆。例如: 1. I have to ________ my homework until next week.
It is time for us to ________. ( Key: leave, vi. 出发; vt. 留下) 2. Dr. Smith telephoned to say that he couldn't ________ the meeting because he had to ________ a patient. ( Key: attend, vt. 出席;护理) 3. His voice ________ higher and higher. ( Key: rose,rise 的过去式) Every ________ has its thorn (刺) . ( Key: rose,n. 玫瑰花) 七、同音异形异义词归类: 汉语有人、仁、任、壬等同音异形异义字,英语有很多单词也是这样。例如: cent & sent, hair & hare, steal & steel, guessed & guest 等。请看下面几个例句(留意划线部门的单词),即可知同音异形异义词归类法确定是记牢单词的又一种有效方法。
1. Her face looks plae and she can't carry a pail of water. 2. The Strait of Taiwan is not straight. 3. The flower on the desk is made of flour . 4. The happy pair planted a pear tree.
八、同形异音异义词归类:
一个单词因为读音不同(含重读音节和词性各异),词义便发生了变化,这在听力和语音题中很重要。例如:
1. He lives [ ](填写音标) in the city of Xi'an. [ livz ] Five lives [ ] were lost in the flood. [ laivz ]
2. Hearing the sad news,she burst into tears [ ] . [ ti [ z ] The baby often tears [ ] newspaper to pieces. [ t Z [ z ] 3. The content [ ] of the article is good. [ 5 k [ ntent ] Nothing can content [ ] her. [ k [ n 5 tent ] 九、形近词归类:
英语单词是由二十六个英语字母以不同的顺序,排列组合而成的。因此多一个字母,少一个字母,倒置一个字母,错写一个字母,都会造成拼写错误,或变成另外一个单词。原因是英语中有良多形态相近的单词,稍不留意,极易搅浑。 十、单词拼写错误的原因归类: 据一些研究职员分析统计,造成单词拼写错误的原因,大多与单词中的字母读音有关。单词中的字母读音,约分七种,即元音字母、辅音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母组合、元音辅音字母组合、一些不发音的字母及单词后缀的读音等。例
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