用作宾补的几种常见形式

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用作宾补的几种常见形式

■崔长平 河南遂平一高（463100）



中学教材中经常出现一些复合宾语结构，含有复合宾语的句型为：主语（s）+及物动词（vt.）+宾语（o）+宾补（o.c） 能充当宾补的形式有：

1．名词

If anyone came to set me free, I would make him king over the world.

In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.

说明：1）常用名词作宾语的动词有：find， make，elect，name，call，consider，think，choose 等。2）表示职位、官衔的名词作宾补时，其前不用冠词或用定冠词总是暗指正职， 如用不定冠词，表示该职位或官衔不是唯一的，暗指副职。

2．形容词或副词

The guard brought out his knife and cut one boot open.

I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. Very loud noise can make people ill, hurt their ears, or even drive them mad.

说明：1）常接形容词或副词作宾补的动词有：believe，cut，consider，think， prove，get， make， drive，want，keep，turn，set，find，wish，wash，leave 等。2）当宾语是不定式或从句时，用it 作形式宾语，并将不定式或从句移到宾补的后边。

They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. He found it important to study the situation in Russia. 3. 不定式（短语）

She wanted him to sing for her friends. Nothing could make me turn against my country.

He ordered a soldier to bring a national flag and covered the boy’s body with it, leaving his face exposed .

说明：1）常跟不定式作宾补的词有：ask，beg，tell，advise，persuade，invite，allow，like，love，prefer，hate，expect，warn，summon，permit，get，force，oblige，forbid，teach，urge，ask for，long for，request，require，call on 等。2）常跟不定式作宾补的词还有：see，observe，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel，make，let，have，help 等。为了方便记忆，可利用下面的“顺口溜”：

不定式， 作宾补， 下列词后不带to：

“五看”，“二听”，“一感觉”；make，let 与have，外加一个help，带否均可较特殊。 如果主动变被动，宾补随之变主补，这时切记要带to 。

需要指出的是：（1）feel后由to be 不定式短语作补语时，to 不可省；

（2）be let go，be let fall，be let slip 等属固定用法； （3）let 用于被动结构时，作主补的不定式带to 不带to 均可；

（4）动词get，set，cause，force，oblige，order，forbid，compel，lead 等，虽也有

“使，”“迫使”，“命令”，“禁止”等“使役”含义，但它们后跟不定式作宾补时须带to 。

4.分词

Don’t keep your mother waiting.

To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered, like a blanket to keep one warm.

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说明：1）常跟分词作宾补的词有：keep，have，send，find，smell，leave，look at，listen to， get，make，prefer，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe 等。2）get，have，listen to，look at，smell 等动词常用现在分词（短语）作宾补，及feel，get，have，like，want，wish等动词用过去分词作宾补只能用于SVOC句型中。

5．as 词组作宾补

They also hoped that the world would look on the pyramids as monuments to them. … he taught it as a truth to his students.

They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 说明：常用as 词组构成复合宾语的词有：regard，treat，look on，recognize，choose，think of， speak of，consider，accept，take，remember，praise，use 等。



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