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名词单复数形式变化规则
英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数,表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, maps, brothers,birds.
2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, classes, dishes,watches.
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, ladies,families. 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s : boys, toys .
4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: knives, leaves.但有些词只加s: roofs, chiefs.
5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.
6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
单复数同形,如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: two dollars,two meters
7) 某些外来词变复数:
datum→data,medium→media,bacterium→bacteria,curriculum→curricula,
criterion→criteria,phenomenon→phenomena.(um/on→a), basis→bases, crisis→crises,
8) 复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student →women students.
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans. 其它复合名词变复数:grown up→grown ups, stand by→stands by.
9) 复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a six year old boy,a two hundred page book
10) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle. 又如the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
11)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
12)有些以s作结尾的名词是单数,如:maths,news,physics,politics
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13) 有些名词的复数形式和其单数形式的意义不同,如:water(水),waters(海,江,河);time(时间),times(次数);arm(手臂),arms(武装,手臂);cloth(布),clothes(衣服);glass(玻璃),glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯);good(善行),goods(货物);manner(方法),manners(礼貌);wood(木),woods(树林);work(工作),works(工厂)。
14) 名词化的形容词大多表示人称,通常与定冠词the连用,如:the young 青年人, the old 老年人, the dead 死者.这些名词化的形容词表类指,没有复数形式的变化,因为指一类人,故有复数概念,做主语时候要求复数形式的动词。
练习:
1 bus (复数)__________________ 2 knife (复数)__________________ 3 party(复数)__________________ 4 that (复数)__________________ 5 this (复数)__________________ 6 foot (复数)__________________ 7 glass (复数)__________________ 8 cup (复数)__________________ 9 sheep (复数)__________________ 10 photo (复数)__________________ 11 woman (复数)__________________ 12 office (复数)__________________ 13 they (单 数)__________________ 14 are (单 数)__________________ 15 boxes (单 数)__________________ 16 men (单 数)__________________
17.It’s an apple. (改为复数形式)_________________________________ 18.She’s a worker. (改为复数形式)_________________________________ 19.There are some oranges on the plate. (改为单数形式) There ______ ______ ________ on the plate.
20.There is an apple on the table. (改为复数形式)There _____ _____ _______ on the plate. 21.What’s your job? (改为复数形式)_________________________________ 22.They’re policewomen. (改为单数形式)_________________________________ 23. These are umbrellas. (改为单数形式)______ _______ ______ umbrella. 24. Where’s my apple? (改为复数形式)Where _______ my _______? 25.It’s on the table? (改为复数形式)________ ________on the table.
26.There’s a chair in the room. (改为复数形式)There ________ ________ ________ in the room. 27.This is his fork. (改为复数形式)________ ________ his __________. 28. What are ________(this)? 29. Where are my ________(dress)? 30. There ________ (be) some oranges.
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