动词的三单及不规则变化

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附表1动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则:



动词第三人称单 数

一般情况 以-s,-sh,-ch,-o, -x 结尾



现在分词 过去式及过去分词

-s



-ing



-ed

-es

以辅音字母加y结尾



变y为i再加-es

双写后再加



变y为i再加-ed 双写后再加ed

以重读闭音节结尾，末 尾只有一个辅音字母



以字母e结尾

ing

去e再力卩ing

只加d

附表2:动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则: 巧记ABB型: 原形特征 -eep -ell -end -ay -n -ing,… -each

巧记ABC型: 原形特征 -eak -eal -ear -ow -i-

过去式 -oke -ole -ore -ew -a-

过去分词 -oke n -ole n -orn -ow n -u-

sink, swim, drin k, ri ng, sing, beg in

-i-

-o-

-n

drive, rise, ride, write 例

词

过去式 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought -aught

过去分词 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought --aught

例

词

keep, sweep, sleep sell, tell

lend, spe nd, send say, pay

bur n, lear n, mean bring, buy, fight, think catch, teach

break, speak steal

wear, bear, tear grow, blow, know, throw

巧记AAA型:击中、受伤、 让、吐痰、去掉、 花费、读、 放、砍 hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut




附表3:常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 短暂性动 词

相应的持续 完成时态中的 性 动词

borrow

keep

have kept

catch a cold

buy ope n get married

be asleep

fall asleep

go to bed be in bed

have be ope n be married

have had

have bee n ope n

have bee n married have bee n asleep have bee n in bed

be here

come here go there

be there

have bee n there

start / begi be on n join



短暂性动词

相应的持续 完成时态中的形式 性 动词 have a cold

have had a cold

形式

die close fall ill

be dead be closed be ill

have bee n dead have bee n closed have bee n ill

return be back have bee n back have bee n in sp.

go/ come to be in sp. sp

be

have bee n here become have bee n

go out be out have bee n out

have bee n on

finish / end leave sp

be over be away from sp

have bee n over

be in have bee n in

have bee n away from sp

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