【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《动词的“三单”,ing,和过去式变化规则》,欢迎阅读!
动词的第三人称单数的单数及发音规则:
1.一般直接在此为加-s,-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts如helphelps/s/knowknows/z/getgets/s/readreads/z/
2.以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es,-es读/iz/,如 guessguessesfixfixesteachteacheswashwashes 注意:gogoes/z/dodoes /z/
3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,-ies读/iz/ carrycarriesflyflies
注意:在play---plays,say----says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加-s
4.特俗词例外
5.be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has
注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后,字母”e”发音,与所加-s一起读作/iz/,如
closecloses/iz/ 动词的ing变化规则:
1.一般情况直接加ing,如look—lookinggo---goingvisit---visiting 2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如come---comingmake---makingwrite---writing
3.以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如run---runningstop---stoppingget---gettingswim---swimmingbegin---beginning
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如 study---studyingcarry---carryingfly---flyingcry---crying
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5.以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如 die---dyingtie---tyinglie---lying 动词的过去式变化规则: 1.规则变化
(1)一般直接在动词后加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如
call---calledopen---openedlook---lookedwant---wanted /id/need---needed/id/(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的,直接加-d,如
live---livedmove---movedhope---hoped
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y结尾的,还是直接加-ed,如,play---played,enjoy---enjoyed)如
study---studiedcry---criedtry---tried
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed,如plan---plannedfit---fittedstop---stopped
2.不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式
am,is-wasare-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-wentcome-camehave/has-hadeat-ate,take-tookrun-ranput-putmake-maderead-readwrite-wrotedraw-drewdrink-drankfly-flewride-rodespeak-spokesweep-sweptswim-swamsit-sathear- heardsleep-sleptlet-letblow-blewhurt-hurtspeak-spokebuy-boughtkeep-keptswim-swameat-atecatch-caughtknow-knewstand-stoodchoose-choselie-layleave-leftdraw-drewteach–taught drink-drankmake- madetell-toldthink-thoughtmean-meantfeel-feltdrive-drovemeet-metwrite–wrotefind-foundfly-flew
forget -forgotring -rangsee -sawride-rode
grow-grewsing-sang/sungbegin-beganlearn-learned/learnt 可数名词变复数的规则:
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1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s,如book---booksboy---boys
(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如bus---buseswatch---watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es,如city---citiesfamily---families(4)以-f或-fe结尾的分两类,一类直接加-s,另一类大多数情况下,将-f或-fe改为v,再加-es,如,roof---roofsbelief---beliefsleaf---leaveslife---livesknife---knives
2.不规则变化
(1)元音字母发生变化man---mentooth---teethgoose---geese (2)词尾变化child---childrenmouse---mice (3)单复数同形sheep---sheepdeer---deerfish---fish 另附清辅音与浊辅音:
清辅音:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts][t∫][tr][h]浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]音节分为开音节和闭音节,
3.开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节
(1)相对开音节:“以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的叫相对开音节。这里元音字母发自己本身的音。如,cake,grade,name,bike
(2)绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的叫绝对开音节。如,he,she,me,no,go
2.闭音节:以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的叫闭音节,如,get,put,pen,ten,let
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