名词从句引导词分类

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表解名词性从句引导词

(名词性从句中主谓语不倒装)



（表①）

类 别 ① 事实、观点类 ② 疑

特 殊 疑 问 问

which



when

类

where why how

一 般 疑 问

引导词 that if whether who whom whose what

引导词在从句中的作用、用法

不充当成分

不充当成分，从句多作动词宾语

不充当成分 作主语、宾语、表语 作宾语，主要用于书面语

作定语和表语

作主语、宾语、表语、定语，指没有范围限定的人(职业、表现)或事、物

作定语、主语、宾语、表语，指限定范围中的人或物

作状语、介词since的宾语，表时间 作状语、表语、介词from/to宾语，表地点

作状语，表原因

例 句

It is believed that whoever works the hardest achieves the most. Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

I don't know if what I am saying makes any sense.

Whether you’ll achieve success depends on whether you work hard. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

She wondered who had sent the flowers and who she loved better. She asked me whom the mobile phone belonged to. She asked me whose (umbrella) it was.

I don’t know what use a new invention can be of to human life. Can you tell me what subjects you like best? It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

No one is sure which team will win the match. I don't know which of us was the more scared. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know which lane he is entering .

When we will accomplish the task remains to be seen. Do you know where he has come from / where he was? I have no idea why the television isn't working.

作状语，修饰动词时表方式、方法，Can you tell me how I can break away from my bad habit? They couldn't tell 修饰形容词、副词或限定词时数量、程度 exactly how far away the bridge was.



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（表②）

类 别

引导词

引导词在从句中的作用、用法

作主语、宾语、表语、定语甚至宾补，

例 句

I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. After what was about ten minutes, the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. What matters most in improving your English is enough confidence and practice. Life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans. I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me. I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have what we have here and treat food nicely. It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.

Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s where the best jobs are. I’ve read up to where the children discover the secret cave.

I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.

特③

指

what

表示人(表现)或非人(事、物、时间、地点、

速度等等)

对

when

对

where

作状语，表示动作发生或状态出现的时间 作状语或表语，表示动作发生或状态出现的地点

作状语，表动作发生或状态出现的原因



象

why

象

how

作状语，表动作发生或状态出现的方式、 The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor how this shaking had

begun half a year before, and how, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her

方法或形容词、副词及限定词的程度

job. Parents are taught to understand how important education is to their children’s future.

作主语、宾语、表语，泛指的任何人

(作宾语时可用whomever) 作主语、宾语、表语，泛指任何事、物 作定语及主语、宾语、表语，泛指限定范围之内的任何人、物

We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? The how to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.

Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for whatever he could find about Mark Twain.

As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

It seems as if he has developed a new software. It sounded as if he had known everything about it.

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泛指

whoever

类

对象

whatever

whichever

其它





because, as if, as though等原来引导的状语从句用在系动词后时是表语从句


表解名词从句与定语从句用法的区别



定 语 从 句 名 词 从 句

The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out. What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we quite unexpected. would face. A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek I’d like to start my own business — that’s what I’d do if I had the 从 句 功 能

opportunities abroad. money. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in can gain experience for growth. the army.

在整个句子中作定语 在整个句子中作主语、宾语(含介词宾语)、表语和同位语

位 置 位于名词、代词或先行句之后（as可位于句首） 句首或句末，只有作同位语时才有先行词（有时与从句分隔开）

不用as，但增加了what, how, if, whether, whatever, whoever,

引 导 词 不用what, how, if, whether, whatever, whoever, whichever

whichever

One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their

access to places like shops and restaurants. own strengths.

It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.

That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working replaced with a modern hotel or not.

Whatever is done cannot be undone. very late.

What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many

When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was，he would forget all

others.

about eating or sleeping. (which在非限定性从句中作表语) 引导词用法 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the itself is. national team. Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than championships. ever before. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water The school shop, where customers are mainly students, is closed few the Park.

that, if, whether和as if, as though不充当成分，名词性成分（主holidays.

在从句中都充当成分 —— 关系代词作主、宾、表、定，关系副词作状语 语、宾语、表语、定语）用连接代词，状语用连接副词 The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket

引导词that other. money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

that在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语（甚至状语） that在名词从句中不充当成分

After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the

从句与先行词 clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. afternoon.

被引导词代替在从句中充当成分，相当于从句的一个成分 同位语从句的先行词不在从句中充当成分，而是等同于整个从句

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