中国传统节日

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Traditional Chinese Festivals

传统节日

中国历史悠久，民族众多，因此产生了许多形式多样、内涵丰富的传统节日。而且每个节日都有着特定的风俗习惯、传说、禁忌和庆祝活动。比较重要的传统节日有春节、元宵节、端午节及中秋节等。而且在这些节日里．人们往往制作一些特殊的美食来庆祝。

China has many nations with a long history．Therefore，there are various traditional festivals,each of which has specific customs,legends,taboos,and celebration activities．The most important ones among them are the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival,Dragon Boat Festival,Mid-Autumn Festival，etc．And during these festivals, people often make some special foods to celebrate.

The Spring Festival,the traditional Chinese New Year's Day,is the most important traditional festival celebrated by the Hans and many of the minority nationalities．It falls on the first day of the first lunar month，commonly known as “Guonian”，In fact,Chinese people celebrate the festival from the eighth day of the last month of the lunar year to the 15th day of the first month of the following lunar year. In ancient times,festival activities were often related to farming．At the turn of a year,people would offer sacrifices from farming and hunting to their ancestors and gods，a token of their gratitude for their bounty as well as a manifestation of their wishes for a bumper grain harvest in the coming year,On New Year's Eve，the day before the Spring Festival,the people who work and study in other places have to hurry back so the family can have a reunion dinner．

As for the reunion dinner,there is a great difference between the north and the south．In Northern China，people usually eat Jiaozi or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon or the ancient ingot．Some people will put a piece of candy in one of the dumplings to pray for happy life in the coming year；more people like to wrap a coin in one dumpling,which means the eater will make a lot of money in the following new year．The southern people eat New Year Cakes and Tangyuan--a kind of round sweet dumplings．Both the cakes and sweet dumplings are made of glutinous rice flour．The New Year Cake is called Nian Gao in Chinese．It conveys the hope of improvement of life year after year．The round sweet dumpling is a symbol of reunion．

During the Spring Festival，many families decorate their houses in the traditional approach．They usually put up a pair of couplets designating good fortune on the front door,and stick the Chinese characters“Fu“up—side down in the middle of it．Recently on New Year's Eve most of

Chinese people watch the CCTV Spring Festival Evening Show,they also set off fire crackers and some of them even stay up all night．On New Year's Day the whole family need to pay New Year call to the older generations and the children get lucky money in red paper packages from their parents and grandparents．People of different regions have their own celebration activities，such as the dragon dance,lion dance,Yangko，etc．

The Yuanxiao Festival is on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month , is also called the Lantern Festival,first Chinese lunar month,is also called the Lantern Festival．In both north and south of China the family members reunite for a meal of Yuanxiao and enjoy the lantern


shows．Most of the fillings inside Yuanxiao are sweet,made of white sugar,brown sugar,sweet-scented osmanthus，nuts,and sesame seeds. In recent years，a mixture of Chinese and Western style Yuanxiao with chocolate filling has been made．Eating Yuanxiao is a symbol of reunion of families in China．

Duanwu Fesfival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of Chinese lunar calendar,which is also known as Dragon Boat Festival．The main customs are racing dragon boats and eating Zongzi．It is said that since the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River for his native state,the people who loved him threw Zongzi into the river as food for the shrimp to keep them from eating Qu Yuan's body .Zongzi have many flavors and they are different between the south and the north．In the southern China, people make Zongzi filled with a mixture filling of peanut and bacon. The northern people usually use dates or preserved fruit fillings．

The Mid—Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. It is said the moon is the fullest and brightest during the evening on that day. The ancients made sacrificial offerings of delicious foods to the moon, the main one of which was the mooncake that people like to eat today．Many kinds of cakes are with pine nut,walnut,melon seeds and sugar for fillings．Moon-cakes are not only delicious，but also have some beautiful patterns such as moon palace,the rabbit and Chang E flying up to the moon, bringing people into the wonderful myth and story of Chang E．Traditionally, it is also a day of family reunion．

The Double Ninth Festival is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month．As the number nine was yang in ancient China，the ninth day of the ninth lunar month was called Double Yang Festival. It is the Festival for the senior people．Hill climbing is the most popular activity on that day．It is a custom to drink chrysanthemum wine and Double Ninth cakes，also known as chrysanthemum cakes．The cake is made of flour with dates，chestnuts and meat,like a nine-storied pagoda．Eating Double Ninth Festival cakes also means “being promoted higher and higher every Year”．

China is a multinational country and each of them has its own traditional festivals,such as the Nadam Fair of the Mongolians,Water-splashing festival of the Dais,Torch Festival of Yi, Tibetan New Year's Eve and Third Month Fair of Bai．

段落译文

农历正月初一是中国传统新年——春节。春节是汉族和许多少数民族最隆重、最热闹的传统节日，俗称“过年”。实际上，人们把腊月初八到正月十五这段时间都视为春节。古时候春节的活动多和农事有关。人们每逢旧岁新年交替之际，都要以农猎所获祭祀祖先和上天，一是感谢恩赐，二来是祈求明年风调雨顺，五谷丰登。每到除夕——春节的前一天，在外地工作和学习的人都要尽量赶回家，全家要在一起吃团圆饭庆祝。

但是南方和北方的年夜饭有明显的差别，北方的人们在除夕夜一定要吃饺子(饺子是一种有馅的半圆形面食，样子很像中国古时候的元宝)，有人会在一些饺子里放糖，祈求来年生活更加甜美；更多的人家在个别饺子里包上硬币，谁吃到了就意味着此人在新的一年里财运亨通。初一早晨，很多人家还要吃饺子，这象征着新的一年招财进宝。南方除夕和大年初一都吃元宵和年糕，元宵又叫汤圆，汤圆里多包着糖，意味着全家团圆美满甜蜜；年糕是糯米做成，取其谐音，“年年高”，意思是希望人们的生活年年都有提高。 春节期间，很多人家常用传统的方式来布置房屋，如大门两旁贴上表达美好祝愿的“春联”，门中央倒贴着“福”字。除夕还要守夜，放爆竹。近年来，大多数中国人都要观看中央电视


台的春节晚会节目。正月初一，全家要向长辈拜年，而小辈往往会从长辈那里得到“压岁钱”——红包。不同地区的人们还会有各自不同的庆祝活动，如舞龙、舞狮、扭秧歌等。

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