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Tian’anmen
Tian’anmen Square is situated in the center of Beijing, 880 meters long and 500 meters wide, with a total area of 44 hectares. It is the largest city center square in the world, large enough to hold one million people for public gathering.
Tian’anmen Rostrum in English means the Gate of Heavenly Peace. It is the symbol of new China, and stands on the northern end the Tian’anmen Square. It was first built in 1417 and was originally called the Gate of Heavenly Succession, which served as the main entrance to the former imperial city. At the end of the Ming dynasty in 1644, it was seriously damaged in the war. In 1615 during the Qing dynasty, it was rebuilt and the name was changed to Tian’anmen.
There are five passages. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the passage in the middle was for the emperor only. The emperor went through the central passage on the way to the altars and temples for ritual and some other religious activities.
Tian’anmen Rostrum is 34.7 meters high with yellow glazed tiles on the double-layered roof. It was on this gate that our late Chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed to the whole world the founding of the People’s Republic of China on Oct 1st 1949. Since then Tian’anmen Rostrum has been the symbol of new China. Chairman Mao Zedong’s portrait is hung above the central entrance. There are two slogans, one is “Long Live the People’s Republic of China” and the other is “Long Live the Great Unity of the People of the World”. Tian’anmen Rostrum was opened to the public on Jan 1st 1988 for the first time for the 1st year of Tourism.
In front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum there is a river known as the Outer Golden Water River. Spanning over the river are seven arched stone bridges, known as the Golden Water Bridges. The stone bridges have different names and different functions. The middle one was for the emperor only so it was called imperial bridge. The two on each side were Royal bridges and they were for the royal family members. The two farther out were ministerial bridges and they were for the officials above the 3rd rank. And the rest two are a little far away, and they were for the officials below the fourth rank called common bridges.
And there is a pair of stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, which served as guardians in the old days. They gazed toward the middle axis guarding the emperor’s walkway. The two stone lions here, one is male and the other is female. The male lion was usually put on the right, playing with a ball, which is said to show the supreme power of the emperor, and the female lion was put on the left, playing with a baby lion with its paw, symbolizing the prosperity of the royal family’s offspring.
In front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum there is a pair of marble columns, made of white marble and sculptured with dragon design. In Chinese they are called “huabiao”. And there is another pair behind the Tian’anmen Rostrum. Huabiao was originally used as slander pillar, but now it serves as just decoration and signpost.
On the top of Huabiao, a stone mythical animal is squatting on the top. It is called
over the emperor is behavior. It is also called “expecting the emperor’s coming back”, and the pair behind the Tian’anmen Rostrum is called “expecting the emperor’s coming out”.
Tian’anmen Square is on the south side of the Chang’an Avenue.
Tian’anmen Square was enlarged in the 1950s and some important buildings were also built around the square, such as the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum, the Monument to the People’s Heroes and Chairman Mao’s mausoleum.
The Great Hall of the People is located on the west of the Tian’anmen Square. It was built in 1959, in order to celebrate the 10 anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It was one of the ten major projects built in 1959. The whole construction tool only ten months to complete.
The Great Hall of the People is the place for holding state conferences for the National People’s Congress, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and other political organizations.
On the east of the Tian’anmen Square is the National Museum which was formerly called the Museum of Chinese History and Museum of Chinese Revolution. It was also one of the ten major projects built in 1959. The Museum of Chinese History has more than 300.000 pieces of historical relics on display showing the Chinese history. The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.
In the center of the square is the national flagpole. The red and bright national flag with five yellow stars flutters on the flagpole. The big yellow one represents the Communist Party of China and the other four small ones symbolize the masses the Chinese people surrounding the Communist Party of China. On Oct. 1st 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong raised the first national flag when he proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since May 1st, 1991, we have the flag-raising ceremony every day at sunrise in the morning and the flag-lowering ceremony at sunset. There are 56 poles in the balustrade around the base of the national flag, which symbolize 56 nationalities in China and Beijing.
In the center of the Tian’anmen Square stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes. The construction began in 1952 and was completed in 1958. The monument was built in order to commemorate the people’s heroes who laid down their lives in the course of the Chinese revolution and the Chinese liberation.
On the front side of the monument, there is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by late Chairman Mao Zedong” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!” on the back of the monument is the article also written by Chairman Mao, but the calligraphy was written by our late Premier Zhou Enlai. All the characters carved on the monument are gold-plated.
On the bottom of the base of the monument is inlaid with eight big pieces of white marble relieves, showing the Chinese historic events since 1840.
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/c7453086bceb19e8b8f6ba96.html
2023-01-23
