【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《动词过去式和过去分词的区别》,欢迎阅读!
动词过去式和过去分词的区别
一、定义不同
1、动词的过去式是一个动词,单独作谓语。不能与助动词、情态动词连用。它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。
2、动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也叫非限定性动词。不能独立作谓语,只能与助动词一起构成谓语。如:“have/has/had +过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态等。
相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中起一个形容词或副词的作用,可作表语、定语、补语等。它的作用与现在分词doing类似。过去分词表的意义是被动或完成。
动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词 规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:worked played wanted acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went,make - made, get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was, are-were ,see-saw ,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught, think-thought, are-were, say-said,sit-sat.
英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:
(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) cost(花费) cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt 伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let put(放) put put read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形) beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become(变成) became become come(来) came come run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形) dig(挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hunghold(抓住) held held shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep(睡) slept slept sweep(扫) swept swept feel(感觉) felt felt smell(闻) smelt smelt leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told say(说) said said find(找到) found found have/has(有) had had make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白 understood understood (5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形) begin(开始) began begun drink(喝) drank drunk ring(铃响) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow(吹) blew blown draw(画) drew drawn fly(飞) flew flown grow(生长) grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) speak(说,讲) spoke spoken wake(醒) woke woke drive(驾驶) drove driven eat(吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give(给) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written分词作状语 do(做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wear(穿) wore worn
be ( am,is,are )(是) was,were been
二、用法不同
分词是动词的一种形式,兼具形容词的特点和动词的部分特点(例如表示某种时态、语态(主被动态)等),英语中有两种分词:过去分词(也叫做完成分词)、现在分词。
过去时是动词的一种时态,它用来表示动作发生的时间概念。换句话说,过去时是一种定式动词(不定式动词即动词原形,定式动词即动词变成了一个有特定时态和语态的动词--注意:只有及物动词才具有被动语态,不及物动词是不具有被动语态的,我下面说的都是以及物动词为例,除了被动语态外,对不及物动词同样适用)。
注意以上两段话的含义:分词是动词的一种形式,即“有名无实”,徒具动词的书写形式却不能用作谓语动词。也许你会反驳我说:They had swum to the other side of the river when i arrived.这句话里had swum才是这个句子的谓语动词。had是动词不可分割的一部分,因为had与swum一起使用才是过去完成时,单独的swum是过去时,他们是一个动词的两种截然不同的定式动词。
过去时指的是动词“时态化”和“语态化”之后的其中一种形式,过去分词和现在分词则有可能作为这个格式化了的动词的一部分出现。
当然,分词不仅有这种功能。分词兼具形容词和动词的某些特点,是因为分词作为动词组成各种定式动词时,它的动词功能已经被削弱了(例如它要加一个have来表达现在完成时),而逐渐又带上了形容词的修饰特性。
这就导致了有些分词居然完全可以当成形容词使用,像His eyeglasses were broken.中的broken, 而有些又不能,我们不能说He is swum across the river.
但不管怎么样,你必须保证分词出现的形式是符合语法规范的(例如:你不能说His eyeglasses were breaking.因为break这个动作中,eyeglasses是被动的,眼睛不能自己break自己),在保证形式正确的基础上,我们再讨论某一个分词是否能直接用作形容词,或者它是偏向动词或形容词的哪一边。
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