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高中语法虚拟语气教学详解
要学虚拟语气，首先要明白虚拟语气是动词的一种形式。在英语里，根据说话人的目的和意图，英语中的动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语中有三种语气：
1. 陈述语气-----用来叙述一件事实。
2. 祈使语气----表达说话人的请求或命令。
3. 虚拟语气----表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或建议等。
要学习虚拟语气，还一定得明白：
1. 无论是主句还是从句，只要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词必须是过去时或过去以前的时态，不能和现在有关。
2. 虚拟语气主要分为： A）虚拟条件句 B）名词性从句的虚拟语气 C）特殊句式的虚拟语气
注意事项：
一． 虚拟条件句：一般因所指时间的不同分为三种情况：与现在事实相反；与过去事实相反，与将来可能发生事实相反。（决窍：一定首先牢记从句和主句对各种时态的对应形式，可相互逆推）
为方便记忆，表格对比 使用虚拟语气的主要谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句 句型
从句：用动词过去（be 多1. If I were you, I 用were ） should study English.
表现在的虚拟条件句 主句：2. I would certainly
would/should/could/might+动go if I had time. 词原形
从句：had + PP 1. If you had taken 主句：my advice, you would not
have failed in the test. would/should/could/might
表过去的虚拟条件句
2. If I had left a +have + PP
little earlier, I would have caught the train.
从句：①用动词过去②1. If it were to rain should +V原③（were +to do ） tomorrow, the meeting
主句：would be put off.
表将来的虚拟条件句
would/should/could/might 2. If you came
tomorrow, we would have +have + PP
the meeting.
从句：用倒装形式，即把1. Were I in were,had等置于句首。(并只限school again(= If I were were/ had) in school again, I would
主句：根据虚拟的情况采取work harder.)
省略 if 的条件句 与从句相应的形式。 2. Were it not
for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming.
错综时间条件句（从句与主句所表示时间不一致）
根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。
根据句子表达的实际情况
含蓄条件句（虚拟条
选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主
件暗含在短语或上下文之
句的动词形式
中，从句不表现出来）(常见有but for“要不是” without等)
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now
2. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.
1.Without air, there would be no living things.
2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.
wish后从句：与1.I wish I were 表各种时间的虚拟a bird. 条件句中的从句动 词形式基本相同。 2. I wish I had
具体：１，表与known the answer.. 现在不能实现的愿 望，从句用“过去时，be 用were”
wish, “可惜„„”“„„就好了”，２.表与过去不“悔不该„„”“但愿„„” 能实现的愿望，从句
用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“
３. .表与将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“could/would +动词原形”
would rather1. I would
would rather 后的宾语从句 后从句：动词常用过rather they came
去式 tomorrow
从句谓语用1. I suggest you “should+动词原(should)go at once. 形”，should可省。 2. He suggested
demand, insist,suggest, command,
that he patient’s
order, require, request, desire等一
leg should be cut
类动词后的宾语从句
and this suggested
（suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist
that he was not good
表“强调，力言等”不用虚拟语气。）
at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)
“It is (was)+上述demand/suggest从句谓语用1. It ordered 等动词过去分词（或“should+动词原that the army important,natural,strange ,necessary形”，should可省。 (should) get there
等形容词）”后的主语从句
by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
从句谓语用His demand is
order,suggestion,idea,plan,
“should+动词原that we
proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表
形”，should可省。 (should )finish the
语从句或同位语从句
work in 3 hours.
特殊形式的虚拟语气 as if 引导的从句（表与虚拟语气条件中从句1.Tom speaks as if he 示非真实时）但表真实时，动词形式基本相同。 were a girl. 不用虚拟语气。 2.He looks as if he
had been to Beijing.
so that, in order thatMay/might/should +V原 I live so that others 引导的目的状语从句 may live better.
It is (the 从句谓语动词常用过去It is (high)time very/high)time that后的式，有时也可用should+动词that we went (should go) 定语从句 原形 to bed.
It is time that I were leaving.
省去主句的If only(要与wish后的宾语从句谓If only I hadn’t 是„„就好了)虚拟条件句 语形式相同。 lost the chance!
(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)
某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词Long live world
原形” peace!
May you be happy1
表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动Could I borrow your
词原形 bike?
Would you please give me a hand?
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/badef920753231126edb6f1aff00bed5b9f37368.html
2022-04-12
