句子成分

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句子成分



一、三种基本句型： 1. 简单句： (1) 主+系+表 Eg: It sounds good.

 系动词：表表系动词（seem, appear, look等，表示“看起来像”），感官系动词（feel, sound,

taste等）,变化系动词（become, grow,turn, fall, get, go, come, run等），终止系动词（prove, turn out, 表示“结果是、证明是”） (2) 主+谓（+宾语） Eg: She has left. （主谓）

Eg: I bought a new book.（主谓宾）

Eg: My mom bought me a ball.（主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语） (3) 主+谓+宾+宾补

Eg: My mom always asks me to help her with the house work.  宾补：可以是形容词、副词、不定式、分词。 2. 并列句

简单句+连接词+简单句

Eg: She got up early and walked to school this morning.  连接词：and, so, as, besides, foe as well as等 3. 复杂句

简单句+连接词+从句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 Eg: His girlfriend is a theacher who is specialized in English.

二、句子成分分类

1. 主语（Subject）：是句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首，但在there be句型、疑问句（当

主语不是疑问句时）、倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词、情态动词之后。可做主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、主语从句。


下面举例专四常考的:

① One out of six students was absent from calss. (数词做主语，常与主谓一致一起考) ② To see is to believe.眼见为实（不定式做主语） ③ Smoking is fordiden here. (动名词做主语) ④ What he said was nonsense. (主从充当主语)

2. 谓语（Predicate）: 说明主语所做的动作或具有的状态。主要分为以下两种： (1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 Eg: He enjoys singing in the morning.

(2) 复合谓语：由情态动词+动词原形构成、助动词+动词原形\现在分词\过去分词形式构成、

系动词+表语构成。

① You should get up earlier than before. ② You have been interupting me for 30 minutes. ③ I have finished all the assinments. ④ I feel dizzy.

3. 宾语（object）：表示动作的对象及承受者，一般位于及物动词\介词之后。可做宾语的

有：名词、代词、动名词、数词、宾语从句。 ① I hate painting. (动名词)

② I believe that you will be the winner in this competiton. (宾从)  宾语种类：双宾（间接宾语+直接宾语）、复合宾语（宾语+宾补）

4. 定语（Attribute）：用来修饰、限定名词、代词，说明其品质与特征。可作定语的有形

容词、分词、名词、代词、动名词、介词短语、定语从句。 ① I bought a multifunctional watch lately. （形容词）

② The freezing cold water is very common in the Winter of Guilin. (分词) ③ I will recommend you a progarme about how to learn English well. (介词短语) ④ Yichun is my hometown that is livable for the people of all the age. (定语从句)

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