实义动词和情态动词，分别是什么？有何区别？

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实义动词和情态动词，分别是什么？有何区别？

实义动词和情态动词是根据动词的句法功能分类的。情态动词又叫情态助动词。

一、实义动词也叫主动词，有具体的词汇意义，表示主语发出的动作或所处的状态。在陈述句中，实义动词可以单独作谓语。实义动词加表语（主补）、宾语或状语构成谓语部分。

She is an English teacher and she works hard. (单词动词作谓语)

He enjoys swimming and gave us a performance last Sunday. (单词动词作谓语)

Mr Smith has been teaching in a middle school for 30 years. (加助动词作谓语)

二、助动词不能单独做谓语，后面要加主动词，用来帮助主动词的某种形式构成疑问句、否定句、进行时态、完成时态、被动语态和虚拟语气等语法变体。

助动词分为基本助动词和情态助动词两类。

（一）基本助动词没有词汇意义（be: is, am, are; was, were; have / has / had been; being, having been; do: do, does, did; have: have, has, had...）。

（二）情态助动词具有不同的情态意义。（will会，将, would会，将; shall将, should应该; can可能，也许, could可能; may也许, might可能; muts必须，一定, have / had to不得不; used to过去常常, need需要, dare敢, ought to应该;...）

如：Did he give you a performance last Sunday? (加did构成疑问句)

No, he didn't give us a performance last Sunday. （加didn't构成否定句）

I haven't received his letter for a whole month. (加haven't构成完成时态)


Something must be done to make the rivers clean. (加must be构成含情态意义的被动语态)

If everyone bought one soft-drink can each day and threw it away, there would soon be a huge mountain of rubbish. (加would构成虚拟语气)

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