翻译学术语

【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《翻译学术语》，欢迎阅读！

翻译学基本用语



源语/译出语source language(SL), original language

译语/译入语target language(TL), receptor language, receiving language 原作者SL author, original author 译者(笔译者)translator 译者(口译者)interpreter

读者/接受者reader, receptor, audience 文本text

原文/原著source text (ST), SL text, original text, original version/original work 译文target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition 译本/译著translated text/translational work 源语读者source-language reader/SL reader

源语文化 source-language culture/source culture

译语读者target-language reader/TL reader/receiving audience 译语文化target-language culture/target culture/receiving culture 语境context

笔译written translation

口译oral interpretation/oral translation/interpreting 同声传译simultaneous interpreting 交替口译consecutive interpreting 翻译原则translation principle

标准translation criterion (复数形式为criteria) 翻译过程translation process

翻译程序/步骤translation procedures

反应/读者翻译response/reader’s response

对应(部分对应/完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence 等值/对等equivalence 对等物(词语)equivalent

形式对等formal equivalence 功能对等functional equivalence 动态对等dynamic equivalence 等效equivalent effect 充分性adequacy

可接受性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability) 可读性readability(readable) 可译性translatability(translatable)

不可译性untranslatability(untranslatable) 表层结构surface structure 深层结构 deep structure

理解understanding/comprehension 表达expression

再现reproduction/representation 转换transformation



1


传译/转移transferral/transfer 误解misunderstanding 误译mis-translation

异化foreignization/alienation/exoticization/ exogenization/source-oriented translation

归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation/endogenization/target-accommodating translation 词汇空缺lexical gap

文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap

直译literal translation/direct translation

意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation 直译派a literalist/a sourcerer 意译派a free-hander/a targeteer 重复法repetition

增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition 减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission 词类转移法/词性转换conversion 反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation 移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation 音译法transliteration

具体化specification 概括化generalization 抽象化abstracting 明析化explicitation

译借(语义转借)calque(loan translation) 加注法annotation

夹注intratextual note 脚注footnote 尾注/文后注endnote

注释性翻译annotated/commented translation 释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase 引申法extension

替代法substitution/replacement 借用borrowing 推演法deduction 缀合法combination 分译法division

逆序法/倒置法reversing 合译法combination

综合法mixture of methods 包孕embedding 切断/分切cutting 拆离splitting-off 插入inserting 重组recasting

回译back translation

还原法 finding out the original

原汁原味essence of the original, original flavor 词序调整inversion



2


选词diction

补偿compensation

视点转换shift of perspective 套译/仿译/仿拟imitation 信/忠实faithfulness/fidelity

达/易懂intelligibility/expressiveness 通顺smoothness 流畅fluency

自然naturalness /idiomaticity 雅/优美elegance/gracefulness 简洁brevity 明析clarity

简明conciseness 内涵connotation 含义implication 言外之意allocution

本文意义(文本固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text) 译者隐形translator’s invisibility 透明(度)transparency

宁信而不顺(鲁迅语)rather to be faithful than smooth (“I’d rather be faithful than smooth”) 神似(傅雷语) spiritual resemblance 化境(钱钟书语)sublimation

信、达、切(刘重德语)faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style)

三美: 音美,形美,意美(许渊冲语)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning

东方语言Oriental languages

西方语言Occidental languages 佛经Buddhist Scriptures/sutra 梵语Sanskrit

鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva

泰特勒(Alexander Fraser )Tytler 奈达(Eugene A.) Nida

机器翻译machine translation(MT) 人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)

翻译translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret,

convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn 翻译学translatology/Translation Studies 翻译体/翻译腔translationese 死译/硬译mechanical translation

逐字译word-for-word translation/word-to-word substitution/verbatim translation 乱译/胡译excessively free translation 歪译(意义扭曲)distortion 惯用法usage 搭配collocation 约定俗成convention

形合hypotaxis 意合parataxis



3

本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/b63274f6a58da0116c17494f.html