【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《定语从句的用法并翻译例句》,欢迎阅读!
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关
系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
四、关系代词的用法 1. that 用于指人或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主语) 译:_____________________________________________________________ The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.(that作宾语) 译:_____________________________________________________________ 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.作主语) 译:_____________________________________________________________ The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语) 译:_____________________________________________________________ ,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(作主语) 译:_____________________________________________________________ Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?(作宾语) 译:_____________________________________________________________
【注意】
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 This is the house in which we lived last year.
译:_____________________________________________________________ (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
This is the person whom you are looking for.
译:_____________________________________________________________ (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。 The city that she lives in is very far away.
译:_____________________________________________________________ (4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
He was the first person that passed the exam.
译:_____________________________________________________________
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
译:_____________________________________________________________
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.
This is the same bike that I lost.
译:_____________________________________________________________ d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
译:_____________________________________________________________ e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that. Who is the girl that is crying?
译:_____________________________________________________________ f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
译:_____________________________________________________________
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