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Are you a problem shopper? The answer is “Yes” , if you or someone else thinks that you sometimes get carried away with shopping .In other words ,do you or does someone else think you are occupied in extreme shopping ? If people have regrets later about their shopping , or have an “out-of-control” feeling about the quantities of what they buy or the amount of credit they use , they may be considered to be problem shoppers. 你是一个问题的购物者？答案是“是”，如果你或其他人认为你有时忘乎所以的购物。换句话说，你或别人认为你是在极端购物？如果有人后悔自己的购物，或有一个“失控”的感觉，他们购买的数量或金额的信用他们使用，他们可能被认为是问题的购物者。
Extreme shopping can lead to a more serious problem –addictive shopping . Addictive shoppers feel driven by the desire to shop and spend money . They experience great tension which drives them to shop and spend money and they feel a “rush” during the time they are occupied with the shopping activity.
极端购物可以导致更严重的问题–购物癖。上瘾的购物者感到欲望驱使购物消费。他们很紧张，驱使他们去商店花的钱和他们觉得“热”在他们忙于购物活动。
Extreme or addictive shopping may result from long-time unpleasant feelings, of which anxiety ,pain and shame are common ones,. When we feel bad inside ,we often do something to make ourselves feel better . In this case ,we often go shopping .
极端或逛街成瘾可能造成长期的不愉快的感觉，而焦虑，痛苦和耻辱是常见的，。当我们感觉不好，我们经常做一些让自己感觉更好。在这种情况下，我们经常去购物。
A few people shop to relieve their boredom or emptiness .For some people ,the motivation is a desire for status ,power ,beauty or success .Some love to shop as it makes them feel valued in the eyes of the shop assistants .Others shop simply because it makes them forget , at least temporarily , tension ,fear or unhappiness in their life.
一些人店来减轻他们的无聊或空虚。对于一些人来说，动机是一个地位的欲望，权力，美容或成功。一些喜欢购物，因为它使他们感到在眼睛的店员。其他店只是因为它使他们忘记了，至少是暂时的，紧张，恐惧或不幸的生活。
Besides ,shopping malls are designed to encourage continual shopping . For instance ,there are some malls where you can’t see clocks displaying the time because they don’t want you to become too aware of the time you spend there .What’s more ,food courts, coffee shops and restrooms are provided ,so you don’t have to leave the mall because of your physical needs.
此外，商场的目的是鼓励继续购物。例如，有一些商场的地方你不能看到时钟显示的时间，因为他们不想你太了解你花费的时间在那里。更重要的是，美食，咖啡厅和休息室提供，所以你不必离开商场，因为你身体的需要。
Therefore ,once you become aware of how market forces work ,you will certainly come to control your shopping behavior .For example ,how much time you will spend an d what areas you will visit can be decided before you enter the mall. Keep a written account of what items you will buy and how much money you will spend . Make a plan for what you are going to buy before you feel the urge to shop and then stick to it . That is vital for gaining self-control.
因此，一旦你意识到市场力量如何工作，你一定会来控制你的购物行为。例如，你将花多少时间和哪些方面你将访问可以决定在你进入商场。保持一个书面说明什么项目你购买，你可能要花多少钱。计划做什么你要买之前，你觉得敦促店，然后坚持它。这是至关重要的，获得自我控制。
Alcohol may taste sweeter if you were exposed to it before birth, suggests a study in rats. The findings may shed new light on why human studies have previously linked fetal alcohol exposure to increased alcohol abuse later in life, and to a lower age at which a person first starts drinking alcohol.
酒精可能味道更甜，如果你接触到它在出生之前，建议在大鼠的研究。这一发现可能揭示为什么人类研究以前与胎儿酒精暴露增加酒精滥用以后的生活中，并以较低的年龄，一个人第一次开始酗酒。
Alcohol's taste is a mixture of sweet and bitter components. To test whether prenatal alcohol exposure could affect the perception of these components, Steven Youngentob at the State University of New York in Syracuse and John Glendinning at Columbia University in New York measured how avidly rats consumed ethanol, sweet water or bitter water. 酒精的味道是甜和苦味成分的混合物。要测试是否产前酒精暴露可能影响的看法，这些组成部分，史提芬youngentob在锡拉丘兹纽约州立大学和约翰套用在纽约哥伦比亚大学衡量如何贪婪地大鼠消耗乙醇，淡水或苦水。
They found that young rats whose mothers had consumed alcohol during pregnancy preferred ethanol and consumed more of the bitter water than the offspring of mothers that didn't consume alcohol. Rats that had been exposed to alcohol in the uterus also seemed to be more attracted to the smell of alcohol.
他们发现，幼鼠的母亲怀孕期间饮酒首选乙醇，消耗更多的水比母亲的后代不饮酒。大鼠已暴露于酒精在子宫似乎也更吸引到酒精的气味。
Prenatal exposure seems to reduce the perceived bitterness of alcohol, making it seem sweeter, says Youngentob.
产前暴露似乎减少感知苦味酒，使它看起来更甜，说youngentob。
Both of these differences seemed to disappear once the rats reached adulthood – but only if they hadn't tasted alcohol during their youth. If prenatally exposed rats did consume alcohol in their youth, these preferences seemed to become set for life.
双方的这些差异似乎消失一旦达到成年大鼠–但只要他们没有尝过酒精在他们的青春。如果产前暴露大鼠饮酒的青少年，这些偏好似乎成为集生活。
"The take-home message is to keep kids away from alcohol for as long as possible – particularly if they have had prenatal exposure," says Youngentob.
“带回家的信息是让孩子远离酒精尽可能长时间–特别是如果他们有产前暴露，说：”youngentob。
The next question is whether it might be possible to reverse these preferences. 接下来的问题是，是否有可能扭转这些偏好。
"If we knew a child had prior fetal exposure to ethanol, are there strategies that could be used with those kids to devalue those odour and taste preferences?" Youngentob asks. For example, preliminary studies in rats have suggested that giving a young prenatally exposed rat some alcohol and a drug that makes them sick at the same time, stops their craving for alcohol. “如果我们知道一个孩子之前的胎儿暴露于乙醇，有战略，可以用来与这些孩子贬值的气味和口味偏好？”youngentob问。例如，初步的研究表明大鼠给予年轻人一些产前暴露大鼠酒精和药物使他们生病的同时，停止对酒精渴求的。
Youngentob also believes that the ability to transfer dietary flavours from mother to fetus may have had evolutionary benefits.
youngentob也认为，有能力转移的饮食口味由母亲传染给胎儿可能有进化的好处。
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/a89c9f05b52acfc789ebc965.html
2023-05-10
