概要写作中词的替换

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概要写作中词的替换

I.名词及名词短语的替换 1. target—goal(目标) 2. problem—issue(难题) 3. chance—opportunity (机会) 4. adventure—expedition(冒险) 5. resident—citizen(居民) 6. influence—impact(影响) 7. method—way, approach(方法) 8. old people—the aged, the elderly(老人)

9. difficulty—obstacle, barrier, challenge(困难) 10. people—individual, person, human(人) 11. fame—reputation, renown, prestige(名声) 12.with no rain at all—droughts(干旱) 13. advantage—merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength(优势)

14. disadvantage—drawback, downside, weakness 15.development—advance, progress(缺陷) 16. body language—gesture(姿势) 17. district—zone, place, region(地区) 18. litter—rubbish, trash(垃圾) 19. expressway—freeway, highway(高速公路) 20. wealth—fortune, property(财富，财产)

21. economic downturn—economic depression(经济低迷) II. 动词及动词短语的替换

1. get—acquire, obtain(得到) 2. reduce—decrease, lessen, cut(减少) 3. improve—promote, enhance(改进) 4.help—assist, aid(帮助) 5.have—posses, own(拥有) 6.agree (with)—approve(同意) 7.thank—appreciate(感谢) 8.walk—cover(步行) 9.express—convey(表达) 10.make sure—ensure(确信)

11.solve—cope with, deal with, resolve(解决) 12.encourage—motivate, fuel(鼓励，激发) 13.think—claim, consider, believe, insist, maintain, hold, argue(认为)

14.keep—preserve, reserve, maintain(保持) 15.damage—hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine(损害) 16.give—offer, provide, supply(给与) 17.develop—cultivate, foster (培养)

18.declare—claim(宣称) 19.protect—conserve, preserve(保护) 20.prevent—slop(阻止) 21.ensure—assure, guarantee(确保) 22.clear—eliminate, remove(消除)

23.be devoted to doing—be committed to doing(致力于) 24.undergo—experience(经历) 25.lead to—bring about, result in, cause(导致) 26.request—demand, need, require(要求) 27.show—reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, present(展示) 28.book—reserve(预订) 29.grow to—rise to, increase to, climb to, jump to(增长至) 30.put off—delay(推迟) 31.fall to—decline to, decrease to, drop to, reduce to(降低至)

32.give permission to do—allow sb to do(允许) 33.look like—resemble(相似) 34.be interested in—be caught in, be crazy about, be absorbed in(感兴趣) 35.set off for—head for(出发去某地) 36.speed up—accelerate(加速) 37.make—enable(使) 38.switch—convert, transform(转换) 39.forbid—ban, prohibit(禁止) 40.build—establish(建立) 41.be short of—lack of(不足) 42.tell sth/sb apart—distinguish(区分) 43.reveal—expose(暴露) 44.deal with—handle(处理) 45.make full use of—make the most of, take advantage of(充分利用) 46.take actions—take measures, take steps(采取措施) 47.be made of—be composed of, consist of(由…构成) 48.add new workers—hire more people (增加新成员)

49.take up—account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose (占) 50.be firmly convinced—believe firmly(使确信)

51.put one’s heart into—be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in(专心致志于) 52.in comparison with—compared with, compared to, in comparison to(与…相比)

53.do sth to the best of one’s ability—try one’s best to do, spare no effort to do, make every effort to do,

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do what one can to do(尽力做某事)

54.sustain—support, maintain(维持) 55.accomplish—achieve, finish(完成)

56.shoulder/undertake one’s duty—be responsible for, take responsibility(承担责任) 57.be on the rise—climb up, increase(增加)

58.raise doubt about—cast doubt on, be skeptical about(对…怀疑) 59.associate with—connect to(与…联系) 60.prevent—block(阻止) 61.be associated with—link to(相联系) 62.take advantage of use—utilize(利用) 63.multiply—increase(增加) 64.stand up to withstand—resist(抵挡) 65.manufacture—produce(制造) 66.inprove—enhance(提高) 67.change—transform, alter(改变)

68.remian stable—remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, stay constant, stabilize, keep its stability(保持稳定) III.形容词及形容词短语的替换

1.sad—depressed, frustrated(悲伤的) 2.rich—wealthy, well-off(富有的) 3.in poverty—poor, needy(穷的) 4.happy—cheerful, delightful(开心的) 5.good—rosy, beneficial, outstanding, remarkable(好的)

6.bad—wicked, negative, harmful, awful, dreadful, undesirable(坏的) 7.clever—smart, gifted, sharp-minded(聪明的)

8.difficult—tough, challenging, stressful, demanding(苦难的) 9.big—enormous, vast, massive(巨大的)

10.harmful—damaging, ruinous, destructive(有害的)

11.many—a sea of, an ocean of, abundant, numerous, considerable(许多)

12.beautiful—eye-catching, good-shaped, appealing, charming, fascinating(美丽的)

13.the least expensive—the cheapest(最便宜的) 14.afraid—frightened, scared, panic-stricken(害怕的) 15.fast—speedy(快速的) 16.boring—dull, tiresome(乏味的)

17.doubtful—skeptical, suspicious, incredulous(怀疑的) 18.rude—impolite(粗鲁的) 19.a variety of—different diverse, various(不同的) 20.worn out—tired, exhausted(疲劳的) 21.new—fresh, brand-new(新的) 22.initial—original(最初的)

23.useful—helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous(有益的) 24.enormouos—massive, tremendous, huge(巨大的) 25.not uncommon—common(常见的) 26.angry—annoyed, irritated(生气的) 27.severe—serious(严重的) 28.traditional—conventional(传统的)

29.obvious—apparent, evident, clear(显然的) 30.brave—fearless, courageous, bold(勇敢的)

31.famous—notable, renowned, noticeable(出名的) 32.reasonable—sensible, rational, sound(合理的) 33.precise—exact(精确的) 34.abundant—ample, plentiful(充足的) 35.primary—main(主要的) 36.resemble—be similar to(类似的) 37.sacred—holy(神圣的) 38.abundance in—rich in(富于) 39.fundamental—basic(基本的) 40.a small number of—a handful of(少量的)

41.of great importance—significant, of great significance, essential, fundamental, vital, critical, indispensable(重要的) IV.副词替换

1.on the contrary—oppositely(相反) 2.rarely—seldom(很少) 3.only—merely(仅仅) 4.day in and day out—every day(每天) 5.firstly—originally, initially(起先) 6.totally—absolutely, evidently, completely(完全地)

7.approximately—almost, about, around, nearly, roughly(大约)

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8.finally—eventually, accordingly, ultimately(最后)

9.certainly—definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently(一定地，无疑地) 10.at present—nowadays, recently(目前)

11.now and then—at times, occasionally(偶尔，有时) 12.frequently—constantly, always(经常，总是)

13.never—on no account, at no time, under no circumstance(绝不，从不) 14.right now—immediately, shortly, right away(立刻)

15.steadily—smoothly, slightly, slowly, gradually, moderately, mildly(平稳地) 16.often—frequently, regularly, constantly(经常)

17.as a matter of fact—practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact(事实上) 18.very—extremely, intensely, extraordinarily, overwhelmingly, unbelievably, surprisingly, amazingly, more than(非常)

19.dramactically—sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, surprisingly, strikingly, remarkably, vastly, noticeably(急剧地)

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