初中英语八种时态归纳

2023-02-04 14:49:12   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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时态,英语,归纳,初中
附㈣人称代词和物主代词

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前 (有时候位于than 之后)宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。 人称代词 物主代词

主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me 我的 my mine 我们 we us 我们的 our ours ()you you () your yours she her 她的 her hers he him 他的 his his it it 它的 its its 他们 they them 他们的 their theirs 3.第一人称:I , we 第二人称:you 第三人称:she , he , it , they 第三人称单数:

人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。

单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。



The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

()英语八种时态归纳

英语句子有各种时态,一个句子的时态主要体现在该句的谓语动词上;时态的不同主要体现在句子的谓语动词构成形式上的不同,如:

1.他经常步行去上学

He often walks to school on foot. (谓语walks 一般现在时) 2.他昨天步行去上学了

He walked to school yesterday. (谓语walked 一般过去时) 3.他正步行去上学

He is walking to school. (谓语is walking 现在进行时) 4.昨天这个时候,他正步行去上学

He was walking to school at this time yesterday. (谓语was walking 过去进行时) 5.他将步行去上学

He will walk to school. (谓语will walk 一般将来时) 6.他说他将步行去上学

He said he would walk to school.(谓语would walk 过去将来)

7.他已经步行上学去了

He has walked to school. (谓语has walked 现在完成时) 8.我到那儿的时候,他已经步行上学去了 When I got there, he had walked to school. (谓语had walked 过去完成时) 一、一般现在时:

概念:表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

标志: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays

构成:①be动词am, is, are行为动词原形或动词的三单形式 用行为动词的第三人称单数的两个条件: 句子的主语是第三人称单数 句子的时态是一般现在时 二、一般过去时:

概念:表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志:…ago(…以前), yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(

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), last week(year, night, month…)(上个星期,去年,昨天晚上,上个月…), in 1989(1989), just now(刚才), at the age of 5(5岁时), one day(有一天), long long ago(很久以前), once upon a time(从前),

the other day(几天前)

构成:①be动词过去式;行为动词过去式 三、现在进行时:

概念:表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志:①now, look , listen , at this time, these days, 情景判断

---Where is your father? ----He is mending my bike.

It’s seven o’clock. The students are reading English. 构成:am/is/are + doing 四、过去进行时:

概念:表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志:at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候), at that time(当时,那)或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 构成:was/were + doing 五、一般将来时:

概念:表示在将来的某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

构成:①am/is/are/going to + do①will/shall + do. 六、过去将来时:

概念:表示在过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或状态。 the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…)

基本结构:①was/were/going to + do①would/should + do. 七、现在完成时:

概念:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作。

标志:recently, lately, since…for…, in the past few years, 构成:have/has + done 八、过去完成时:

概念:表示在过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志:before, by the end of last year(term, month…), 构成:had + done.


()宾语从句

1.在句中担当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做形容词、介词的宾语。

He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) I’m sure that he will come back in ten minutes. (形容词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2 宾语从句的引导词有三类: (1) that 引导,可以省略。

The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 以连接代词which, what, who或连接副词how, where, why 引导的宾语从句。

Could you tell me what's the matter with you? I want to know how soon it will begin.

(3) whether if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句

I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei. 3.要注意的问题: (1)从句用陈述句语序

(2) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。

I want to know what time he got up this morning. You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?

(3) 当主句为一般过去时态时, 从句要用于过去时的某种形式。 They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.

(4) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。

Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is good news.

()专项训练:现在完成时

现在完成时的构成:助动词havehas+ 过去分词, 定义:表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:

I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。

洗衣服是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是衣服干净了



现在完成时常用的时间状语有:

already 已经 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处) never (“从不 用于中间处)

ever 曾经 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处) just (“刚刚 用于中间处)

yet (“已经用于疑问句的末尾处 / “用于否定句的末尾处) 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:

The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿)

The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调动作发生的时间在过去)

I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。(表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。 I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示现在已经不在这儿任教了)

since for 的用法

表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how long, so far, these days等。

Since+过去的时间,for+一段时间(数词+量词),此划线部分用how long提问。

①since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since后为时间点 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作

He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。

①for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for后为时间段。 如:

We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。

have been in, have been to have gone to 的用法

一、have(has) been in 表示在某地呆多长时间,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等。例如: Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

- 2 -

此外还有这些搭配:

have been here (thereabroad) /at home (school) /on the farm 二、have(has)been to表示曾经去过某地现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用,例如:

I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?

have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:

I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

三、have(has) gone to 意为到某地去了,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场。例如: ----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里? 他到书店去了。

Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

()定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.

引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ; 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why; 关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语. 关系副词在定语从句中做状语.

. who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),

修饰表示人的先行词. 例如: This is the man who helped me.

Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?

The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.

.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,

口语中可以省略.

The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.

=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)


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