【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《名词性从句 连接词》,欢迎阅读!
名词性从句连接词的选择 连接词that,whether和if
连词that本身无意义,有时可省略; whether和if本身有意义,均不能省略。
that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句或者主语从句。 whether可作介词宾语,后面可以接动词不定式,有时可加“or not,or,or no”,而if则不能。 whether引导的句子可以放在复合句的句首,而if引导的从句只能放在主句谓语动词后面引 导主语从句时亦不可居于句首。
连接宾语从句时,if和whether可以互换。
动词wonder可以接if或whether从句,也可以接that从句。
动词doubt(怀疑,不知道)的肯定句接if或whether从句,但否定式don't doubt 和疑问 式Do you doubt要接that从句(doubt作“不信”解,表示强烈的不相信时,可接that 从句)。
这三个连词在句中只起连接作用,不担任句子成分。例如: That he survived the accident is a miacle.
他在这场事故中幸免于难,真是奇迹。(主语从句) Whether(不用If) she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。(主语从句)
I don't know whether(可用if) he will attend the concert. 我不知道他是否去参加音乐会。(宾语从句)
The problem is (that)we can't get there early enough.
问题是我们不能很早到达那里。(表语从句)
I haven't settled the question of whether(不用if) I'll lend him the money. 我还没有决定是否把钱借给他。(宾语从句)
He didn't know whether(不用if) to get married or to wait. 他不知道是现在结婚,还是等等再说。
I don't doubt that(不用if或whether)he will come soon. 我毫不怀疑他会很快回来。
Whether(不用if) or not she did it, I can't tell. 她是否做了此事,我不知道。 Note:
1. whether和that都可以引导宾语从句,但有所不同。如果宾语从句表示两种可能性
居其一时,只能用whether(or not可省),不可用that。例如: 2. They doubt whether the news is true or not. 3. = I doubt whether or not the news is true.
4. I wonder whether he knew the manager (or not). 如果宾语从句表示的是一种事实,不带有两种可能的性质,要用that,不用whether。例如: I do not doubt that she will wait for you. I asked that she (should) come this evening. Please see that he does the work well.
5. whether...or有时可引导让步状语从句,这时or不可省。例如:
6. Whether it rains or snows, I don't care.不管下雨还是下雪,我都不在乎。 7. (= I don't care, whether...
关系代词
引导名词性从句的关系代词有: who 谁(主格),whom 谁(宾格),whose 谁的(所有格), what 什么……的东西,which 哪一个(些)(指人或物),
whatever 无论什么,whichever 无论哪一个,whoever 无论谁。
关系代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。例如: Who will preside at the meeting has not been decided yet.
(引导主语从句同时作从句的主语)由谁主持回忆还没有决定。 He asked whom I borrowed the money from.
(引导宾语从句同时作从句的宾语)他问我向谁借的钱。 Which team has won the game is not known yet.
(引导主语从句同时作从句的定语)还不知道哪个队赢了这场比赛。 This is what he said to me.
(引导表语从句同时作从句的宾语)这就是他对我说的。 Note:
1. 引导让步状语从句时whatever = no matter what (anything that) whoever = no matter who (anyone who)
whichever = no matter which (anything which)
既然这些关系代词起着连词和充当句子成分的双重作用,其后不能再用连词。例如 值得做的事就应该做好。
o Whatever that is worth doing should be done well.(wrong) o Whatever is worth doing should be done well.(right) 2. what有时保留它缘由的疑问意义,表示“什么”,有时作双重关系代词,what前面不
能再加that或all。例如:
如:He will give the book to whomever he likes.
(whomever作宾语,不可用whoever,who或whom)
3. what既可以是疑问代词,也可以是关系代词,其区别是:what从句的谓语动词含有
怀疑、询问、不肯定的意义时,what为疑问代词;反之,指具体的时间,表示肯定意义时,what就是关系代词。比较:
I know what he meant.我知道他的意思。(关系代词) Do you know what side effect the medicine will have.(疑问)
关系副词
引导名词性从句的关系副词有:在句中作状语
when(=the time when 什么时候,何时)
where(=the place where 什么地方,何地) 也可作表语 how(=the way in which 如何,怎样) why(=the reason why 为什么)
这些关系副词起双重作用,在句中既是连接词,又作状语。例如: When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
(引导主语从句同时作从句的时间状语)我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是个问题。 We didn't know why she didn't come.
(引导宾语从句同时作从句的原因状语)我们不知道她为什么没来。 Note:
名词性从句一律都用陈述语序。
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