梁惠王曰

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梁惠王曰：“寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣。河内凶，则移其民于河东，移其粟于河内；河东凶亦然。察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者。邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也？”

孟子对曰：“王好战，请以战喻。填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳(yâ)兵而走。或百步而后止，或五十步而后止。以五十步笑百步，则何如？” 曰：“不可！直不百步耳，是亦走也。” 曰：“王如知此，则无望民之多于邻国也。

“不违农时，谷不可胜(shēng)食也;数（cù）罟（gǔ）不入洿（wū)池，鱼鳖不可胜食也;斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧（sāng）死无憾也。养生丧（sāng）死无憾，王道之始也。

“五亩之宅，树之以桑，五十者可以衣（yì）帛矣。鸡豚狗彘(zhì)之畜（xù）（畜xù养），勿失其时，七十者可以食肉矣。百亩之田，勿夺其时，数口之家可以无饥矣；谨庠（xiáng）序之教，申之以孝悌(tì)之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不饥不寒，然而不王(wàng）者，未之有也。

“狗彘食人食而不知检，涂有饿莩（piǎo）而不知发，人死，则曰：‘非我也，岁也。’是何异于刺人而杀之，曰：‘非我也，兵也。’王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。”



译文:

梁惠王说：“我对于国家，那可真是尽心啦！黄河北岸魏地收成不好，遭饥荒，（我）便把那里的百姓迁移到河东，同时把河东的粮食运到河内；河东遭了饥荒，也如此办。考察邻国的统治者，没有哪个君王像我这样用心的。邻国的百姓并不更加减少，我的百姓并不更加增多，这是为什么呢？”

孟子回答说：“大王喜欢战争，那就让我用战争作比喻吧。咚咚地击鼓进军，兵器刀锋相交撞击，扔掉盔甲拖着兵器逃跑。有的人跑了一百步停下，有的人跑了五十步停下。凭着自己只跑了五十步，而耻笑他人跑了一百步，那怎么样呢？”

惠王说：“不可以。只不过没有跑上一百步，这也是逃跑呀。”

孟子说：“大王如果懂得这个道理，那就不要希望自己的百姓比邻国多了。”

“不违背农业生产的季节，粮食就会吃不尽（这句指在农忙季节不应让人民为公家服役）。密网不下池沼捕鱼，鱼鳖就会吃不尽（按，古时曾经规定，网眼在四寸[合现在二寸七分多]以下的为密网，禁止下池沼内捕鱼）。斧子按一定的季节（指在草木凋落的时候，那时生长时节已过）入山砍伐树木，木材就会用不尽。粮食和鱼鳖吃不完，木材用不尽，这样就使百姓供养老人孩子和为死者办丧事都没有什么遗憾了，百姓对生养死葬都没有什么不满，就是王道的开端了。 “五亩住宅的场地（五亩：合现在一亩二分多），在里面种上桑树，五十岁的人就可以穿丝织品了。鸡、猪、狗等家禽、家畜的饲养（豚：小猪。彘：大猪），不要耽误它们的繁殖时机，七十岁的老人可以吃肉了。百亩的耕地，不要耽误它的生产季节，数口人的家庭没有挨饿的情况了(数:几)。认认真真地办好学校教育，反复进行孝敬父母、敬爱兄长的教育（庠序：学校，殷代叫序，周代叫庠），须发花白的老人就不会头顶着或背负着重物走在路上了。七十岁的人穿衣吃肉，普通百姓饿不着、冻不着，能达到这样的地步，却不能统一天下而称王的，是不曾有过的事。

“富贵人家让猪狗吃人吃的东西，而不知道加以约束，道路上有饿死的人，却不知道打开粮仓赈救灾民，老百姓死了，就说：“‘这不是我的罪过，是年成不好造成的。’这种说法和拿着刀子刺人，把人杀死后，却说‘杀死人的不是我，是兵器’有什么不同？大王不归罪于年成，那么，天下的老百姓（指别的诸侯国的人）就会前来归顺了。”






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1. Weddings are so much _ hassle __ that you need a good break afterwards. 2. Impatiently, Darwin _crumpled____ up the letter and threw it into the bin.

3. Topics for essays should be of some __ relevance __ to the experiences and interests of the students.

4. Indonesia is reported to be the fifth most __ populous ___ country in the world. 5. The woman ___ survive ___ her husband by nine years.

6. Several __hypotheses___ for global warming have been suggested.

7. The old couple were too fastidious ___ to eat in a fast-food restaurant. 8. Fire engines and ambulances have __ priority ___ over other traffic.

9. She __ clutch ___ her purse tightly, threading her way through the throng. 10. We _negotiated__ our way out of the airport and joined the flow of cars.

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2. In the old days the poverty-stricken travelers were often caught __dodging___ fares on the

train.

3. Some critics hold that Emily wrote poetry chiefly for the sake of psychological __ therapy

_.

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Several __ hypotheses____ for global warming have been suggested. William knelt down at his son’s bedside in a fit of _remorse__.

The increase in price is _ proportional __ to the quality of the car. The hostilities had _ ceased____ and normal life resumed.

Not wanting to draw any attention, Tom went ___ into the lecture hall. This job would __ entail __ your learning how to use a computer. Have the police _ contrived____ ways of handling the situation?

His attitude may be _imperious__ at times but that is more than compensated by her bravery. I like the photo very much as it is the only photo that shows me in a natural, relaxed pose . Rain _ patter __ gently outside, dripping onto the roof from the pines.

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