构词法

2022-08-12 21:09:19 文档大全网 [ 字体：小中大 ] [ 阅读：12 ]

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构词法

 英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。英语的常见构词法有合成法，如：classroom，派生法和转化法。缩写合简写也是构词法的一种。

以下是派生法

在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法，加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。

前缀

un-(不、非，表示否定)unhappy, uncomfortable, unusual dis-(不、非，表示否定)dislike，disagree, disappointed im-(不，表示否定)impolite, impossible bi-(两个、双边的)bicycle

inter- (相互、交互、在一起)Internet, international, interview re-(又、再、重新)review, return, rewrite, repeat tele-(远)telephone, television 后缀

-or/-er (从事某种职业的人，名词后缀)actor，inventor, director, worker, driver, teacher,

writer

-ist(人，名词后缀)art-artist，science-scientist,piano-pianist,violinist,tourist, terrorist

-ese (民族、语言，名词后缀)Chinese Japanese

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-ian(人，语言，名词、形容词后缀)music-musician,magic-magician,Canada-Canadian

-an(人，语言，名词、形容词后缀)America-American, Asia-Asian

-n (人，语言，名词、形容词后缀)Australia-Australian, Russia-Russian, India-Indian-ness (名词后缀)illness kindness ,sadness

-tion (表示动作、状态，名词后缀)invite-invitation, pollute-pollution,act-action-sion (表示动作、状态，名词后缀)decide-dicision, discuss-discussion,express-expression-th (名词后缀)warmth，truth ,death -ful(充满，形容词后缀)success-successful,care-careful,use-useful,help-helpful,wonderful

-less(没有、无，形容词)care-careless, home-homeless, meaning-meaningless, helpless-ous (形容词后缀)fame-famous,humor-humorous,danger-dangerous, delicious-ive（形容词后缀）active，expensive, creative

-ing(形容词后缀)interest-interesting, excite-exciting, surprise-surprising-ed(形容词后缀)interest-interested，excite-excited, surprise-surprised-al(…的，形容词后缀)person-personal, nature-natural, educate-educational,social-able (能够，形容词后缀)enjoy-enjoyable, value-valuable, comfortable,disable-ly(副词或形容词后缀)real-really,slow-slowly,quick-quickly,quiet-quietly,love-lovely

-y(表性质，形容词后缀)sleep-sleepy, salt-salty, luck-lucky, health-healthy,rainy词形转换(形容词变名词):important-importance,different-difference,

silent-silence

safe-safety, social-society, difficult-difficulty

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