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1. Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.寓言是写成诗歌或散文形式的小故事其中人物、事件和场景代表抽象的观点或道德品质。
2. Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a Line or a group of words.头韵是指在一行或一组词中第一个重读辅音的重复。
3. Allusion is reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.典故是作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反应的特定人物、地点、事件、文学作品的引用。
4. Analogy is a comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.类比是为了在两个事物之间找出相似之处而进行的比较
5. Antagonist is the principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroine of a narrative or drama.反面主角是叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公或正面人物相对立的主要人物
6. Antithesis: the balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, or sentences.对仗指两组相对的思想、言辞、词句的平衡。
7. Caricature is the use of exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear comic or ridiculous夸张讽刺是为了使文中的人物显得可笑或荒谬而使用的夸张或歪曲人物形象的手法。 8. Classicism is a movement or tendency in an, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.古典主义是一种在艺术、文学、音乐领域体现古希腊、古罗马风格的运动。
9. Comedy is a dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usually contains happy resolution of the thematic conflict.喜剧通常是具有幽默讽刺格调的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的圆满解决。
10. Conflict is a straggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.冲突指故事、小说、戏剧或叙事诗中相对的力量和人物之问的对立。 l 1. Couplet is a unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit.双韵体是包括两个相连诗行的一种诗的单位，通常押韵并具有同样的格律，经常组成一个完整的意思和句法单位。 l2. heroic couplet is a couplet written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic couplet.五步抑扬格的双韵休称英雄双韵体。
13. Elegy is a poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.挽歌或挽诗是专门为悼念某一死者所写的诗或歌。
14. Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero.史诗是用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇或历史英雄的丰功伟绩。
15. Epigraph is a motto or quotation at the beginning of a literary composition, setting forth a theme引语是在一部文学作品开头阐明主题的引言、警句
16. Essay is a short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author.小品文、随笔论及一个主题的短小文章，通常表达作者个人的观点。 17. Exemplum is a tale, usually inserted into the text of a sermon that illustrates a moral principle.劝喻故事是一种短小的体现某种道德原则的故事性文章，通常出现在布道文中。
18. Fable is a brief story that is told to present a moral or practical lesson.寓言是一种体现某种道德观念或实践教训的说教性文章。
19. Farce is a kind of comedy based on a ridiculous situation, often with stereotyped characters.轻
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喜剧是一种以可笑的情节为基础的喜剧，通常包含模式化的角色。
20. Flashback is a literary device in which an earlier event is inserted into a narrative.倒叙是一种文学的表现手法，往往在一段按正常时间顺序记叙的叙事中插入一件以前发生过的事情。 21. Free verse has neither a metrical pattern nor a regular pattern.自由诗体是既不具格律又不具常规格式的诗体。
22. Iambic pentameter is a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an iamb---that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.五步抑扬格是一种诗句形式，每行诗句包含五个抑扬格音步，每个音步有.个抑扬格即每个轻音节之后有一个重音节。
23. Incremental repetition is the repetition of a previous line or lines, but with a slight variation each time that advances the narrative stanza by stanza.递进重复是诗歌中对上文中一行或几行的重复，但每次重复都有一定的变化，而且每一节重复中的叙述都有所强化。
24. Irony is a contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happened反语是一种建立在字面表述和真实意义上或期待产生的结果和真实的结果之间的对比。
25. Lyric is a poem, usually a short one, that expresses a speakers personal thoughts or feelings.抒情诗是一种用来抒发作者感情或思想的短诗
26. Metaphysical Poetry is the poems of 17th-century English poets, whose verse is characterized by an intellectually challenging style and extended metaphors comparing very dissimilar things.玄学派诗歌是17世纪英国的一个诗歌流派，这种诗歌的特点是风格极具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻来对比极其不同的事物。
27. Meter is a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in Poetry. 格律是诗歌中重读音节和非重读音节的规则的排列模式。
28. Mock epic is a comic literary from that treats a trivial subject in the grand, heroic style of the epic.讽刺史诗是一种用史诗的宏大风格来描写微不足道的事情的荒诞文学形式
29. Myth is a story, often about immortals and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that is intended to give meaning to the mysteries of the world.神话是一种解释世界上的神秘现象中与神灵或同宗教仪式的联系的故事。
30. Naturalism is the practice of describing precisely the actual circumstances of human life in literature; it is the extreme form of realism.自然主义是在文学中精确地描述人类现实环境的实践，是现实主义的最高表现形式。
31. Neoclassicism is a revival in literature during the mid 18th to the end of the19th century，characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint styles.新古典主义是18世纪中期至19世纪末的文学复兴，以尊重古典的理性、形式和严谨文体为特征。 32. Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.颂是一种复杂的、具有一定长度的诗歌，通常以高贵的风格写成，用来表述一些高尚或严肃的主题。
33. Oxymoron is a rhetorical figure in which contradictory tetras are combined such as "a deafening silence" and "a mournful optimist".矛盾修饰法是一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如“震耳欲聋的沉默”和‘悲伤的乐观”。 34. Paradox is a statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue.悖论是一种在字面上看起来自相矛盾，却体现着一定真理的说法。
35. Parody is a humorous imitation of a work of and for comic effect or ridicule. 戏仿是一种为取得喜剧或嘲讽效果，而对某一艺术作品进行的滑稽模仿。
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2023-05-09
