高中英语破题致胜微方法(虚拟语气)根据语境判断条件句中的虚拟语气

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根据语境判断条件句中的虚拟语气

If引导的条件状语从句可以分为两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是虚拟条件句。在虚拟条件句中，需要使用虚拟语气。那么如何来判断if引导的条件状语从句是不是虚拟条件句，虚拟条件句中又应该使用什么时态呢？这节课我们就来学习一下。 一.判断依据——语境

凡是假设的情况实现的的可能性很大，就是真实条件句。当假设的情况实现的可能性很小或者假设的情况与事实相反时，就是虚拟条件句。所以判断的依据是看语境中假设的情况是否可以实现。例如： 真实条件句：

Today Iam not busy. If I have time , I will help you with this work. （“我有时间”的可能性很大，“帮助你”的可能性也很大） 虚拟条件句：

1. If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. （“我成为你”的假设无法实现）

2.My grand father died ten years ago. If my grandfather were alive today, he would experience a very different world.（假设的情况与事实相反） 二.虚拟条件句中动词时态的变化

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与现在事实相反。②与过去事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟条件句中动词时态的变化分为三大类：

虚拟的时间 表示与现在事实相反

（be的过去式一般用were）

would（could/might/should）+have

表示与过去事实相反

had done

done

did或were

表示与将来事实相反

were to do

would（could/might/should）+do

从句的谓语形式

did或were

would（could/might/should）+do

主句的谓语形式

真实条件句：假设情况可以实现

虚拟条件句：假设情况无法实现或假设情况与事实相反

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should do

三.根据语境判断单选题中的虚拟语气

1. Mary is ill today. If she _____，she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn't be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be

①根据语境中的事实“Mary is ill today.”可以推断后一句为虚拟语气，与真实情况相反。 ②判断是对什么时间的虚拟：由“Mary is ill today.”中的today可知是对现在情况的虚拟。

③对应表格中的时态规则，可知应选择A。 2. —The weather has been very hot and dry.

—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _________. A. wouldn’t die C. hadn’t died





B. didn’t die





D. wouldn’t have died

①根据语境中的事实“The weather has been very hot and dry.”可以推断后一句为虚拟语气，与真实情况相反。

②判断是对什么时间的虚拟：由“The weather has been very hot and dry”可知是对过去情况的虚拟。

③对应表格中的时态规则，可知应选择D。 四. 总结

虚拟语气的解题方法：

1. 根据语境判断句子是否为虚拟语气。

2. 根据句子中的时间状语或情景判断虚拟条件句的时间 3. 牢记表格中时态的规则。 五.练习：

1.【2016北京卷】Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.

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A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell



2. 【2016天津卷】I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I ________. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured



3.【2015北京卷】If I ________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. A. didn't see B. weren't seeing C. wouldn't see D. hadn't seen





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