连词&关联词

2022-04-17 05:40:04   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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关联词,连词


连词&关联词

连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系。

1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分。

1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either thisweek or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系。

1)转折:but, yet, however, nevertheless 2) 因果:so, for, therefore

3) 选择:or, either„or, neither„nor

4)并列和递进:and,both„and, as well as,not only„but (also)

关联词 用于引导从句。

1.名词从句: He doesn’t know what she is.

2.副词从句:If he comes, I’ll give it to you.

3.形容词从句:He’s the best student I’ve ever taught.

关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键。 1. 连词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分。 1) that(无含义):

I said that he was wrong.

2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don’t know whether it is correct. 2. 连接代词:

1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语:Ask him which he wants. B. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语: I wonder whose house that is. C. what 做上面提及的各种成分:

I don’t know what I should do. 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语。 We can’t decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do.

I couldn’t decide which to choose.

3. 连接副词:引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句中做状语。

1) how: That’s how I look at it. 2) where: I don’t know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.

4) why: I’ll tell you why you have to do it.






4. 关系代词:

1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):

The man who spoke is my teacher. I don’t know who he is。

The man who I saw told me that.

2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语:The man whom I saw told me that. 3) whose 表示“某人/物的”,of which表示“某物的”, 在从句中做定语: That’s the man whose son is my pupil.

The room whose window faces south is her bedroom.

The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:

I like the picture which was taken in front of the main building.

5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语;注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法。 A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:

This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时:

the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every. This is the last chance that you have. You are the only friend that I have. He told me all that he knew.

C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:

much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody. There’s nothing in the world that can frighten him.

D. Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代 之以that

Who that knows him would trust him?

Which of these buses is the one that goes to London? E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:

The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语。

A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时, 只可放在其所在的从句的句尾。

Is this the car for which you paid a high price? Is this the car which you paid a high price for? Is this the car that you paid a high price for? Is this the car you paid a high price for?

B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)“分割”(出部分)的介词of等介 词要放在关系代词的前面:

The years during which he was away were long years to her. He wrote many books, some of which.

C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代 词之前:

This is the book which he has been looking for.






7)关系代词的省略。

A.关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is coming. B.that在定语从句中做表语时:

He is not the man that he was when I saw him first. He is not the man he was when I saw him first. 5. 关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语。

1where 地点: That’s one point where I’d like your advice. 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was ill. 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so early. 4) that 方式/时间/原因

I like the way that /in which he did it. That was the first time (that) I saw him.

The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/where he works. 6)for which = why I don’t the reason for which he left.

7)on which = whenThe day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988




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