“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

2023-12-28 20:14:21   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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形式,宾语,主语,用法,详解
it作形式主语和形式宾语



一、it作形式主语:当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和主语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语 常用于下列句型中: It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词 + to do sth.

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花了某人时间

It’s up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事;做某事是某人的义务 如:It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。

It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。 It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。

It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...

It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth. 形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格

eg. It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。 It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。

it代替动名词短语:Its no good/use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/浪费时间 It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive. 如果你不会开车,有车也没用。

It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间。( it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV it代替主语从句:这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。 如:①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她能否来还很难说。 It was clear enough what she meant.她的意思是够清楚的。

It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车。 It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜。 it作形式主语,把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有:

It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that… 如:①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.可惜工程师没能够来。

It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。 ③(It isno wonder (that) you were late!难怪你来晚了。

It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言,这是一个事实。

It is + 形容词(如: strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…that 如:①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜。

It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.我们应当互相学习,互相帮助,这是很重要的。

It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待。 It is likely that he will ring me tonight. 他今晚可能给我打电话。

It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪,他也没说一声就走了。

It seems/appears/ happened/ turned out(结果是,原来是,证明是)/ suddenly struck me/hit me/ occurred to me…that …某人突然想起...

如:①It happened that I wasn’t there that day. 碰巧那天我不在那里。

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It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。 It suddenly occurred to/hit/struck me that I knew how to solve that problem. 我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。

It + be + 过去分词(如:said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…that…

如:It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.(相当于:People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon) 人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加。

It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。 It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident. 据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。

It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。 It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.据认为那儿的洪水是百年来最大的洪水。 * 注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从句中用虚拟语气: (should) + 动词原形

如: It is requested that he give a performance at the party.有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。 It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.建议一切在今晚准备好。 It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令,这台收音机要立刻送到那里去。 It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词

It doesn’t make too much difference/It makes no difference +连接代词或副词 ...关系不大/没关系 如:①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系。 It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大。

二、 it作形式宾语: 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。 it作形式宾语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语

think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词 + 不定式短语 如:①I find it pleasant to work with him. 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。

They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 She thinks it her duty to help us 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。

I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。

All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 这些噪音使我无法继续工作 it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型,在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些)

The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。

Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试会有好处吗? He found it useless( no use) arguing with him.他发现和他辩论没有用。

He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情,他认为是完全没道理的。

it代替宾语从句: 某些表示喜、怒、哀、的动词,like, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句,构成结构like/love/dislike/hate it+宾语从句

I would appreciate it if you could... rely/depend on it that... see to it that...务必使...,保证使... take it for granted that...认为...是理所当然的

We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。 I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。

三、 it 的常用句型 英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用。



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