“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

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it作形式主语和形式宾语



一、it作形式主语：当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语 常用于下列句型中： It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词 + to do sth.

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间

It’s up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的义务 如：It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。

It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。 It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。

It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 ◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是...的

It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth. 形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格

eg. It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。 It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。

⒉ it代替动名词短语：It’s no good/use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/浪费时间 ①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive. 如果你不会开车，有车也没用。

②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间。（ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV） ⒊ it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。 如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。 ②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她能否来还很难说。 ③It was clear enough what she meant.她的意思是够清楚的。

④It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车。 ⑤It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜。 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有：

◆ It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that… 如：①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.可惜工程师没能够来。

②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。 ③（It is）no wonder (that) you were late!难怪你来晚了。

④It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。

⑤It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。

◆ It is + 形容词（如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…）that … 如：①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜。

②It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。

③It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待。 ④It is likely that he will ring me tonight. 他今晚可能给我打电话。

⑤It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪，他也没说一声就走了。

◆ It seems/appears/ happened/ turned out（结果是，原来是，证明是）/ suddenly struck me/hit me/ occurred to me…that …某人突然想起...

如：①It happened that I wasn’t there that day. 碰巧那天我不在那里。

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②It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。 ③It suddenly occurred to/hit/struck me that I knew how to solve that problem. 我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。

◆ It + be + 过去分词（如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…）that…

如：①It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.(相当于：People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon) 人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加。

②It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。 ③It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident. 据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。

④It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一。 ⑤It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.据认为那儿的洪水是百年来最大的洪水。 * 注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从句中用虚拟语气： (should) + 动词原形

如： ①It is requested that he give a performance at the party.有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。 ②It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.建议一切在今晚准备好。 ③It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令，这台收音机要立刻送到那里去。 ◆ It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词…

It doesn’t make too much difference/It makes no difference +连接代词或副词… ...关系不大/没关系 如：①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系。 ②It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。

二、 it作形式宾语： 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语

think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词 + 不定式短语 如：①I find it pleasant to work with him. 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。

②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 ③She thinks it her duty to help us 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。

④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 ⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。

⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 ⒉ it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些)

①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。

②Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试会有好处吗？ ③He found it useless( no use) arguing with him.他发现和他辩论没有用。

④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。

⒊ it代替宾语从句： 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句,构成结构like/love/dislike/hate it+宾语从句

I would appreciate it if you could... rely/depend on it that... see to it that...务必使...,保证使... take it for granted that...认为...是理所当然的

①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。 ②I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 ③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。

三、 含it 的常用句型 英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用。



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