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Grammar: 虚拟语气
一、非真实条件句 1、
现在 过去 将来
从句 did/were had done did
should do were to do
主句
would/should/could/might do would/should/could/might have done would/should/could/might do
Eg: If I were a teacher, I would be friendly to my students.
If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final examination. If I should see/were to see/saw him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 2、虚拟条件句中有should,had,were时,可省略if, 把should,had,were提前 Eg: Had I time, I would go there.
Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. Were I in your position, I would do it better. Should I meet her, I would tell her. 3、混合虚拟语气(主从句时间不一致)
Eg:If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now. 4、含蓄虚拟条件句
With, without, but for, otherwise, or, but, but that... Eg: But for your advice, I would have failed. What should you do with a million dollars?
I’m really busy; otherwise, I would certainly go with you. But that he helped us, we couldn’t have arrived in time.
注:or/otherwise 前事实,后虚拟
but 前虚拟,后事实 二、在主语从句中
It is necessary/important/strange/natural that... It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed that...
It is a pity/a shame/an honor/a surprise/no wonder that... 后句加should do, should可省 三、在表语从句中
1、在表示命令、建议、要求的名词(suggestion, proposal, advice, command, request, recommendation)做主语的表语从句中,谓语动词用should do Eg: Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.
My advice is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.
2、as if引导的表语从句可用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,过去完成时表示与过去相反的事实
Eg:He feels as if he alone were responsible for what has happened.
It seems as if he had known all. 四、在宾语从句中
1、加should do, should可省
一坚持:insist 二命令:order,command 三要求:demand,request,require
四建议:suggest,propose,advice,recommend appreciate,desire,urge + (should) do
Eg: I suggest that we (should) set off at once.
They demanded that the military government (should) free all political prisoners. The doctor insisted that the patient (should) be X-rayed. 2、wish\would rather
Wish:
did
现在
had done
过去
Would
did Would/could do
现在、将来 将来
had done
Eg: I wish I had known the answer to the 过去 I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the around.
I would rather that you came tomorrow. I would rather that you hadn’t told him. 五、在同位语从句中
Suggestion/idea/order/advice + (should) do
Eg: Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch(站岗)?
rather:
question.
year
The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to cope with inflation.
六、had planned/thought/imagined/meant...原计划、原想、原以为...
planned /meant/imagined/thought to have done were to have done
would like to have done
七、It’s (high/about) time + (should) do/did... Eg: It’s high time that you went to school.
八、if only引导的从句中需要虚拟语气,句子多用一般过去时或过去完成时 Eg:If only I had known his phone number.
九、as if 引导的方式状语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反
Eg: That man walks as if he were a girl. They talked as if they had been friends.
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