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国际财务管理：国际收支的意义（中英文对照）会计英语
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THE TERM balance of payments is often mentioned in the news media and continues to be a popular subject of economic and political discourse around the world. It is not always clear, however, exactly what is meant by the term when it is mentioned in various contexts. This ambiguity is often
attributable to misunderstanding and misuse of the term. The balance of payments, which is a statistical record of a country’s transactions with the rest of the world, is worth studying for a few reasons.
国际收支术语经常在新闻媒体中被提及，并一直是世界各国经济和政治话语的热门话题。但是，当它在各种上下文中被提到时，并不总是清楚它到底是什么意思。这种歧义往往是由于对这个词的误解和误用。国际收支是一个国家与世界其他国家交易的统计记录，有几个原因值得研究。
First, the balance of payments provides detailed information concerning the demand and supply of a country’s currency. For example, if the United States imports more than it exports, then this means that the supply of dollars is likely to exceed the demand in the foreign exchange market, ceteris paribus. One can thus infer that the U.S. dollar would be under
pressure to depreciate against other currencies. On the other hand, if the United States exports more than it imports, then the dollar would be more likely to appreciate.
首先，国际收支提供了有关一国货币供求的详细信息。例如，如果美国进口多于出口，那么这意味着美元的供应很可能超过外汇市场的需求，其他条件相同。因此，人们可以推断，美元将面临对其他货币贬值的压力。另一方面，如果美国出口大于进口，那么美元就更有可能升值。
Second, a country’s balance of payment data may signal its potential as a business partner for the rest of the world. If a country is grappling with a major balance of payment difficulty, it may not be able to expand imports from the
outside world. Instead, the country may be tempted to impose measures to restrict imports and discourage capital outflows in order to improve the balance of payment situation. On the other hand, a country experiencing a significant balance of payment surplus would be more likely to expand imports, offering marketing opportunities for foreign enterprises, and less likely to impose foreign exchange restrictions.
其次，一个国家的国际收支数据可能显示出它作为世界其他地区商业伙伴的潜力。如果一个国家正在努力解决一个主要的国际收支困难，它可能无法扩大从外部世界的进口。相反，该国可能会试图采取措施限制进口和阻止资本外流，以改善国际收支状况。另一方面，一个经历重大国际收支顺差的国家更有可能扩大进口，为外国企业提供销售机会，而不太可能施加外汇限制
Third, balance of payments data can be used to evaluate the performance of the country in international economic
competition. Suppose a country is experiencing trade deficits year after year. This trade data may then signal that the country’s domestic industries lack international
competitiveness. To interpret balance of payments data
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2023-02-22
