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常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一、规则变化 :
1. 一般情况直接加 ed,女口 ask — asked, work — worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love — loved, dance — danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try — tried, study — studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词 (以重读闭音节或 r
,再加ed,如
stop — stopped permit — permittee注: A.以I结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写I, 如con trol — con trolled尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如 travel — travele
音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母
),先双写末尾这个辅音字母
美) /travelled(英)。 B. 特例 :
pic nic — pic ni cked — pic nicl去野餐),traffic — trafficked — traffiSkBd,在…通 行) 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的 ,需要熟记 .(见 后)
C. 读音与说明 :
①-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为 [t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ①-ed 在浊辅音和元音后发音为 [d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
①-ed 在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wan ted, n eeded, admitted, permitted 二、不规则变化
1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形) 动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打
let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat beat beaten打
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come came come 来 become became become变
run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B 型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母 d 或 t 构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn lear ned/lear nt lear ned/lear nt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母 “c改为“t构成过去式或过去分词 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent送 spe nd spe nt spe n花费 ⑶其他
pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 fight fought fought 战斗 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
un dersta nd un derstood un derstood明白 win won won 得胜
shine shon e/sh ined shon e/sh in ed发光 feel felt felt 觉得 find found found 发现
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