过去式和过去分词

2022-03-20 02:38:19 文档大全网 [ 字体：小中大 ] [ 阅读： ]

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过去,分词
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1. 规则变化

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped, permit—permitted

注：A. 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

B. 特例：picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐)，traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易，在…通行）

另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。(见后) C. 读音与说明: ①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 2. 不规则变化

 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为几种情况。【AAA型】：

put—put—put cut—cut—cut shut—shut—shut set—set—set hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt cost—cost—cost ★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/ let—let—let forecast—forecast—forecast, burst—burst—burst broadcast—broadcast—broadcast cast—cast—cast spread—spread—spread bid1—bid—bid 出价recast—recast—recast bet—bet—bet rid—rid—rid reset—reset—reset 【ABB型】：

(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought) *catch caught caught *teach taught taught bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought

【原形→元音变化→元音变化】： sit sat sat meet met met find found found get got got

stand stood stood

understand understood understood win won won hold held held shine shone shone

dig dug dug

hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 【原形→ “…t” → “…t”】 lose lost lost build built built spill spilt spilt spoil spoilt spoilt send sent sent spend spent spent smell smelt smelt feel felt felt

mean meant meant

learn learnt/learned learnt/learned lend lent lent

【原形→ “…d” → “…d”】 hear heard heard make made made have(has) had had pay paid paid say said said lay laid laid sell sold sold tell told told

【“ee/ea” → “e..t” → “e..t”】 sleep slept slept sweep swept swept keep kept kept leave left left 【ABC型】：

(原形→变形→原形+en/ne) be(am,is) was been be(are) were been see saw seen do did done go went gone beat beat beaten eat ate eaten give gave given hide hid hidden fall fell fallen

mistake mistook mistaken take took taken drive drove driven

rise rose risen ride rode ridden write wrote written

原形→ “-o-” → “过去式-n”) break broke broken speak spoke spoken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen

wake woke/waked woken/waked

(原形→ “ew” → “原形-n”) draw drew drawn blow blew blown show showed shown *fly flew flown grow grew grown throw threw thrown know knew known

(原形→ “-a-” → “-u-”) begin began begun ring rang rung drink drank drunk sing sang sung

sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken swim swam swum

【其他】 lie lay lain

wear wore worn

【ABA型】

become became become come came come run ran run

【AB型】(无过去分词) may might must must can could shall should will would