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have-sb.-done等用法
(一)在初中英语中,出现了have sth done,have sb do sth 与have sb/ sth doing 三种结构,不少同学对这些结构区分不清,把握不准。本文拟对这三种结构作一简单的分析和归纳,供同学们学习时参考。
一、have sth done
“ have + sth (宾语)+ 过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/ 叫/ 使/ 请别人做某事”。宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。例如:We had the machine mended just now. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
He has had his hair cut. 他(请人给他)理发了。
The patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备请、让人量体温。
二、have sb do sth
“ have + sb (宾语)+ do sth (宾语补足语)”意为“让/ 叫/ 使某人做某事”。此结构中的have 是使役动词,sb 作宾语,其后的do sth 是省去to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。
I’ll have someone repair the bike for you. 我会让人为你修理自行车的。
Don’t forget to have Mr Brown come to our party. (= Don’t forget to ask / invite Mr Brown to come to our party. )别忘了让布朗先生来参加我们的晚会。
三、have sb / sth doing
“ have +sb / sth (宾语)+ 现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/ 让/ 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语sb/sth 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。
例如:Don’t have the baby crying!不要让婴儿啼哭! Don’t have the dog barking much,Lilin. 李林,别让狗狂吠不停。
You’d better have your car running slowly. 你最好把车子开慢点。
比较下面的句子:[注意主语] Are you going to Beijing?
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去北京吗?
你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗? I’m going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 我下个星期要去北京, 我随身要带很多东西去。
I’m going to Beijing next week.
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? [被动] 我下个星期要去北京,
你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗? (二)
下面我们从例句中来分辨它们。
I have a lot of homework to do. --->我有很多作业要做。 --->have最基本的意思:“有”
换一种说法:I will have my homework done. --->我要让作业被完成。
--->have在这里称作“使役动词”即“使,让”的意思 have sth done/ have sb(sth) do/ have sb(sth) doing 三个结构中have都是使役动词。have sth done中sth 与其后动词构成被动关系,让...被做
I'll have these letters typed. 我需要有人打印一下这些信件(被别人)
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